Team:HokkaidoU Japan/Project/Biocapsule

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Introduction

The aim of our project was to make a smart system for industrial production of high-value added macromolecules by using BioDevice function in E. coli. We call it, “Bio capsule” method. At the beginning, we expected to be able to make “Bio-capsule” only by employing a function of “Aggregation module”, however, resultant E. coli cluster was not sufficiently hard enough to be recovered on filter through nylon mesh filtration. However we accidentally found that co-expression of both “Plastic Producing Module” and “Aggregation Module” results in forming hard and heavy E. coli clusters which can be called real “Bio capsule” we expected.

Method

We used two kinds of compatible plasmid vector to make E. coli expresses both Ag43 and all enzymes required for P3HB production. We chose pSB1C3 plasmid vector, a high copy number plasmid vector containing replication origin from R- factor, for the expression of “Plastic Producing Module” to produce enough amount of bio-plastic. We chose pSTV28 plasmid vector that contains compatible replication origin to pSB series: the most popular plasmid vector in iGEM, for expression “Aggregation Module”. It is widely known that if there were two similar plasmids those containing same replication origin in single cell, they compete with each other for replication and only one of which can be amplified in E. coli.
(fig1 目下製作中) As a pilot experiment, we made E. coli containing plasmid for “Aggregation module” and plasmid for “Plastic producing module”. “Aggregation module” is induced by L-arabinose, since Ag43 is expressed under control of PBAD promoter. “Plastic producing module” used in the experiment in table 1 and 2 is expressed under control of original promoter of gene cluster encoding all enzymes required for P3HB production in R. eutropha.

Results

The aggregation is induced by the addition of arabinose for 1%, and production of P3HB is initiated by the addition of glucose for 2% as energy source, so adding both chemicals to the culture media initiates to start expression of both modules. Hard and heavy E. coli clusters were observed only in a presence of these chemicals as shown in Figure 2 Figure2 shows photographic image of the culture tested. Each condition is indicated below each image. After cultivation for 24hours, each three culture media did not have big difference (panel A in figure 2). However, after cultivation for 48hours, we could clearly observe that in the second sample (2%glucose (+) 1%Arabinose (+)), its supernatant had high clarity than others (panel B in figure 2). Furthermore, hard and heavy clusters of cells sticking to the surface of side wall in the test tube and precipitating in the media

Discussion（Improvement)

Our finding of method to create “Hard and heavy cluster” when both Ag43 and phaCAB was expressed, was an unexpected result. However, this result we got was a positive one, and we can say it is our team’s serendipity. When we expressed Ag43 only, the cell makes a weak cluster which is not suitable for harvesting “Plastic producing module”. However, when we combine two modules intoa single cell, and induce both of their expressions, the cells produces “Hard and heavy cluster” which fits for our image of “Bio-capsule”. The expression of plastics makes the cells heavier than wild type E. coli and results to precipitate the cells faster than ever. In addition, the plastic have acted as a glue to reinforce the attachment of Ag43 protein locating on the surface of E. coli cells.