Revision as of 00:46, 27 October 2012

Single Cell Model

Biological functions are inherently stochastic in nature, which leads to a wide degree of variability not only at the population level but also at the level of individual cells, which makes it important to test the reliability of our system. Towards this, we first built a stochastic model of the pathway and then used it to assess the specificity and the sensitivity of our device.

Stochastic Model

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stochasticity (noise) arising from transcription contributes significantly to the level of heterogeneity within a eukaryotic clonal population [1].

Figure 1: Hybrid model of the modified yeast pathway

In order to investigate the effects of this stochasticity, we decided to build a stochastic model of the pathway using a Hybrid ODE-SDE framework (where SDE stands for stochastic differential equation). Motivated by the fact that the Pheromone signalling is robust against cell to cell variations., we assume the dynamics until the activation of the transcription factor to be deterministic rather than stochastic. As a result of the gene expression being noisy, we build a hybrid stochastic model consisting of deterministic semantics until the activation of the transcription factor Ste12 and treat it as a time varying parameter modulating the reaction based gene expression module interpreted with stochastic semantics using the stochastic differential equations approach [2], the schematic of which is given in Figure 1.

Twenty simulations were done for different input concentrations. The results of which are in the figure below.

Figure 2: Stochastic Simulation of the System for 20nM Ligand concentration

Figure 3: Stochastic Simulation of the System for 200nM Ligand concentration

Sensitivity and Specificity

Using an input ligand concentration of 200uM (this corresponds to the quantity of Methyl Nicotinate in TB sample), we used the single cell pathway model to set the threshold to the maximum GFP output that was produced. We then used a sample population of 1000 people and a input ligand concentration varying over a range from 0 - 2uM to perform the test. The results from the tests are presented below.

Results

Figure 4: False Negative Analysis

Figure 5: False Positive Analysis

Conclusion

The results indicate that the proposed device has a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 74%, which shows that there is a great potential for further improvement. Towards which we are currently making use of the structural model to investigate ways by which better ligand binding affinities can be achieved.

Future Work

The modeling approach adopted leaves a lot of scope for future work, some of which have been entailed here.

The stochastic model as it captures the mean dynamics well could be used for the estimation of the parameters.
The model could be developed to incorporate both extrinsic and intrinsic stochasticity.
The final model could then be used in the snifferometer to estimate the number of cells that are needed for sufficient quantity of GFP to be detected by the micro-optrode.

MATLAB Codes