Team:Goettingen/Project/Bioinformatical Tool

From 2012.igem.org

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== Link List of Bioinformatical Tools ==
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                Keep it sync with the side menu "effective border" width. */
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                            Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width.
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                            Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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                            Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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                            Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width.
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                            Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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  left: 13em; /* Places the side menu to the right of the drop-down menu.
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                            Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width.
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                            Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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* html div.MenuBar ul li a {
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* html div.MenuBar ul li table,
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* html div.MenuBar ul li table td {
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                Hidden (* html) from non-IE browsers. */
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div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu,
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div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a {
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                            Sets the drop-down menu "effective background" color. */
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/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- General */
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body {
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div.MenuBar a,
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/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Widths */
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/*
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/*
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Menu Bar 1
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Drop-Down Menu #2
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*/
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/*...............................................................................................*/
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Menu Bar 1
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Drop-Down Menu #2
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Side Menu #1
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                            Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width. */
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div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM1,
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div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM1 li a {
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/*...............................................................................................*/
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/*
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Menu Bar 1
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Drop-Down Menu #2
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Side Menu #2
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*/
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  left: 15.5em  !important; /* Places the side menu to the right of the drop-down menu.
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                            Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width. */
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}
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div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM2,
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/*...............................................................................................*/
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/*
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Menu Bar 1
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Drop-Down Menu #2
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Side Menu #3
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*/
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-
  left: 15.5em  !important; /* Places the side menu to the right of the drop-down menu.
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                            Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width. */
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}
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div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM3,
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  width: 17em; /* Side menu width. */
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-
}
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-
/*...............................................................................................*/
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</style>
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</p><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" dir="ltr" lang="en"><head>
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                                <meta name="keywords" content="Team:Goettingen,Team:Goettingen,Team:Goettingen/Homing coli,Team:Goettingen/Human Practice/Flash coli,Team:Goettingen/Press,Team:Goettingen/Project/General information">
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                <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://2012.igem.org/wiki/opensearch_desc.php" title="2012.igem.org (English)">
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<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="2012.igem.org RSS Feed" href="https://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Recentchanges&amp;feed=rss">
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<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="2012.igem.org Atom Feed" href="https://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Recentchanges&amp;feed=atom">
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<body class="mediawiki ns-0 ltr page-Team_Goettingen">
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                        <!-- start content -->
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<div id="header"><img src="http://www.patrickreinke.de/igem/headpicture_2.jpg" alt="Team Goettingen">
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                              <!--</li><li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Newspaper"><span><span><div style="text-indent:20px;">&#8901; Newspaper</div></span></span></a></li>
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                                <!-- <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Human_Practice/Sponsors"><span><span>Sponsors</span></span></a></li>
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                                <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Human_Practice/Supporters"><span><span>Supporters</span></span></a></li>    -->
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<font face="Verdana" size="-1">
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<br>
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Language: <img height="20", src="http://www.patrickreinke.de/igem/eng.jpg"> English, <img height="20", src="http://www.patrickreinke.de/igem/deu.jpg"> <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/main_deu">Deutsch</a> <br>
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<br>
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Weekly_Seminars"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Weekly Seminars</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Announcements"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Announcements</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Past_Presentations"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Past Presentations</span></a></li>
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<h2><b><a name="Weekly_Seminars"></a>Weekly Seminars</b></h2>
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
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The iGEM Team Göttingen meets once a week for information exchange on actual topics concerning officialism but also to discuss the results of
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the experiments and to find new solutions for upcoming problems. Moreover, also papers on diverse topics related to synthetic
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biology are presented by the students. Presentations are hold in English.  <br>
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<h2><b><a name="Announcements"></a>Announcements</b></h2>
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<p align="left"><i>15 August 2012,</i>  <b>Student Presentation</b>
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</p>
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<p align="justify">
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<u>Anna will present the topic</u>  <br>
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"Synthetic Biology in Examples I: Environmentally Controlled Invasion of Cancer Cells by Engineered Bacteria" the paper: <br>
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<font size="-1">  <a href="http://web.mit.edu/voigtlab/papers/2006_anderson_jmb_invasion.pdf">J. Christopher Anderson, Elizabeth J. Clarke, Adam P. Arkin
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and Christopher A. Voigt. (2006). Environmentally Controlled Invasion of Cancer Cells by Engineered Bacteria. J. Mol. Biol., Vol. 355: 619–627.</a> </font><br>
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  <!-- News cap -->
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<h2> <span><b><a name="Past_Presentations"></a>Past Presentations</b></span></h2>
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  <!-- News cap end -->
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        <!-- News 5 -->
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<p align="left"><i>08 August 2012,</i>  <b>Student Presentations</b>
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</p>
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<p align="justify">
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<u>Sandra presented on the topic</u>  <br>
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"Chemotaxis I: The signalling network, cellular computation, integrated gene circuits" the paper: <br>
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<font size="-1">  <a href="http://www.its.caltech.edu/~haylab/research/SBReview2011.pdf">Nagarajan Nandagopal and Michael B. Elowitz. (2011). Synthetic Biology: Integrated
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Gene Circuits. SCIENCE, Vol. 333: 1244-1248.</a> </font><br>
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<br>
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<u>Alicia presented on the topic</u> <br>
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"Chemotaxis II: Quorum sensing and its applications in synthetic biology" the paper: <br>
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<font size="-1">  <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3202794/pdf/msb201155.pdf">Nazanin Saeidi, Choon Kit Wong, Tat-Ming Lo, Hung Xuan Nguyen, Hua Ling, Susanna Su Jan Leong, Chueh Loo Poh
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and Matthew Wook Chang. (2011) Engineering microbes to sense and eradicate <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, a human pathogen.
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Molecular Systems Biology 7:521.</a> </font><br>
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</p>
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<br>
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        <!-- News 5 end-->
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        <!-- News 4 -->
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<p align="left"><i>15 May 2012,</i>  <b>Student Presentation</b>
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</p>
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<p align="justify">
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<u>Jan presented on the topic</u>  <br>
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"Directed Evolution" the paper: <br>
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<font size="-1">  <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1046202312000655">Ryan E. Cobba, Ning Sunc, Huimin Zhao.
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(2012) Directed evolution as a powerful synthetic biology tool. Methods</a> </font><br>
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</p>
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<br>
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        <!-- News 4 end-->
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<hr>
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        <!-- News 3 -->
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<p align="left"><i>08 May 2012,</i>  <b>Advisor Presentation</b>
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</p>
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<p align="justify">
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<u>Prof. Neumann presented on the topic</u>  <br>
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<li> Introduction to iGEM and the project</li>
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        <!-- News 3 end-->
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<p align="left"><i>30 April 2012,</i>  <b>Advisor Presentation</b>
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<u>Prof. Neumann presented on the topic</u>  <br>
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<ul>
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<li> PCR: Polymerases, Primer design, PCR parameters, PCR protocols (e.g. touch down, gradients, nested, multiplex), QuikChange mutagenesis, trouble shooting</li>
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</ul>
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<p align="left"><i>24 April 2012,</i>  <b>Advisor Presentation</b>
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<u>Prof. Neumann presented on the topic</u>  <br>
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<ul>
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<li> Cloning strategies: Restriction enzymes [Typ IIA (standard), IIM (<i>Dpn</i>I), IIS (<i>Bsa</i>I); unit definition, buffers, handling], BioBricks strategy,
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Ligation free cloning, trouble shooting</li>
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<table bordercolor="black" border="1 px" width="600 px"><tr><td>
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<b>Important pages</b>:<br>
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen">Home</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Team">Team</a>;
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<a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012">Official Team Profile</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Project">Project</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Parts">Parts submitted to the Registry</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Modeling">Modeling</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Notebook">Notebook</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Saftey">Saftey</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Attributions">Attributions</a>
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Language: <img height="20", src="http://www.patrickreinke.de/igem/eng.jpg"> English, <img height="20", src="http://www.patrickreinke.de/igem/deu.jpg"> <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/main_deu">Deutsch</a> <br>
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Link_List_of_Bioinformatical_Tools"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Link List of Bioinformatical Tools</span></a></li
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#ApE"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">A plasmid Editor ApE</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#BLAST"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Blasting of Sequences</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#T<sub>m</sub>_calculator">4<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">T<sub>m</sub> calculator</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Double_Digest_Finder">5<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">Double Digest Finder</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Enzyme_Finder">6<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">Enzyme Finder</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#NEBcutter_V2.0">7<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">NEBcutter V2.0</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#ORF_Finder">8<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">ORF Finder</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#RE_Base">9<span class="tocnumber"></span> <span class="toctext">RE Base</span></a></li>
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<h2><b><a name="Link_List_of_Bioinformatical_Tools"></a>Link List of Bioinformatical Tools</b></h2>
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Here, an useful link list of computational and bioinformatical tools is provided. All of these programs are regularly used by the students to do the cloning process.
Here, an useful link list of computational and bioinformatical tools is provided. All of these programs are regularly used by the students to do the cloning process.
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<br>
 
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
 
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<ul>
 
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<li> <a href="http://biologylabs.utah.edu/jorgensen/wayned/ape/">A plasmid Editor ApE </a> - Use of ApE </li>
 
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<li> <a href="http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi">Blasting of Sequences </a> - BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool of NCBI </li>
 
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<li> <a href="http://www.iit-biotech.de/iit-cgi/oligo-tm.pl"> T<sub>m</sub> calculator </a> - Calculator for Primer Melting Temperature </li>
 
-
<li> <a href="http://www.fermentas.com/en/tools/doubledigest/">Double Digest Finder </a> - Double Digest Finder of Thermo Scientific </li>
 
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<li> <a href="http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/EnzymeFinderSearchbySequence.asp">Enzyme Finder </a> - Enzyme Finder of NEB </li>
 
-
<li> <a href="http://tools.neb.com/NEBcutter2/">NEBcutter V2.0 </a> - NEBcutter V2.0 </li>
 
-
<li> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html"> ORF Finder </a> - ORF Finder of NCBI </li>
 
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<li> <a href="http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/rebase.html">RE Base </a> - The Restriction Enzyme Database RE Base of NEB </li>
 
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</ul>
 
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<h2><b><a name="ApE"></a>A plasmid Editor ApE</b></h2>
 
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
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* [http://biologylabs.utah.edu/jorgensen/wayned/ape/ A plasmid Editor ApE] - Use of ApE
-
The plasmid Editor ApE by M. Wayne Davis is a free ware program conceived for both Windows (XP, Vista and 7) and Mac (OS X v10.5 and above). It can be downloaded from <a href="http://biologylabs.utah.edu/jorgensen/wayned/ape/">http://biologylabs.utah.edu/jorgensen/wayned/ape/], [06/29/2012]</a>. The program offers lots of applications required for cloning processes, e.g. construction of plasmid maps, primer design, sequence alignments, management of sequences, ORF finder, Tm calculator, translation of nucleotide sequences and a lot more. ApE is compatible for the handling of common sequencing formatted .seq and .ab1 files. For further information visit the ApE homepage. Moreover, the hoster´s of the program take care about an <a href="http://ape-a-plasmid-editor.wikispaces.com/">ApE Wiki, [08/01/2012]</a> where you can find help and advice if questions in the use of ApE pop up.<br>
+
* [http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi Blasting of Sequences] - BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool of NCBI
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<br>
+
* [http://www.iit-biotech.de/iit-cgi/oligo-tm.pl  T<sub>m</sub> calculator] - Calculator for Primer Melting Temperature
-
</p>
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* [http://www.fermentas.com/en/tools/doubledigest/ Double Digest Finder] - Double Digest Finder of Thermo Scientific
 +
* [http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/EnzymeFinderSearchbySequence.asp Enzyme Finder] - Enzyme Finder of NEB
 +
* [http://tools.neb.com/NEBcutter2/ NEBcutter V2.0] - NEBcutter V2.0
 +
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html  ORF Finder] - ORF Finder of NCBI
 +
* [http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/rebase.html RE Base] - The Restriction Enzyme Database RE Base of NEB
 +
* [http://weblogo.berkeley.edu/logo.cgi WebLogo] - WebLogo 
-
<h3><b>Primer Design with ApE</b></h3>
+
== A plasmid Editor ApE ==
-
<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
+
[[File:Goett_Ape_BG.gif|100px|thumb|right|The Ape Logo]] The plasmid Editor ApE by M. Wayne Davis is a free ware program conceived for both Windows (XP, Vista and 7) and Mac (OS X v10.5 and above). It can be downloaded [http://biologylabs.utah.edu/jorgensen/wayned/ape/ here]. The program offers lots of applications required for cloning processes, e.g. construction of plasmid maps, primer design, sequence alignments, management of sequences, ORF finder, Tm calculator, translation of nucleotide sequences and a lot more. ApE is compatible for the handling of common sequencing formatted .seq and .ab1 files. For further information visit the ApE homepage. Moreover, the hoster´s of the program take care about an [http://ape-a-plasmid-editor.wikispaces.com/ ApE Wiki] where you can find help and advice if questions in the use of ApE pop up.
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
=== Primer Design with ApE ===
Primers depend mainly on the chosen criteria. Yet, the specifity and the tendency to form hair-pins drastically reduces straight forward PCR amplification of genes.
Primers depend mainly on the chosen criteria. Yet, the specifity and the tendency to form hair-pins drastically reduces straight forward PCR amplification of genes.
-
ApE also offers a primer design feature. <br>
+
ApE also offers a primer design feature.  
-
<ol>
+
# Highlight the sequence to which the primer should bind. Recognize that given standard minimum and maximum length is 20 bp and 25 bp, respectively. Nevertheless, these options can be altered.  
-
<blockquote>
+
# Select "Tools -> Find Primers". A new window Find primers will emerge offering lots of different manipulatable attributes.  
-
<li> Highlight the sequence to which the primer should bind. Recognize that given standard minimum and maximum length is 20 bp and 25 bp, respectively. Nevertheless, these options can be altered. </li>
+
# Click "OK" to see the possible primers.  
-
<li> Select "Tools -> Find Primers". A new window Find primers will emerge offering lots of different manipulatable attributes. </li>
+
-
<li> Click "OK" to see the possible primers. </li>
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-
</blockquote>
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</ol>
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-
</p>
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-
<h3><b>Primer Binding with ApE</b></h3>
+
=== Primer Binding with ApE ===
-
<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
+
[[File:ApE Primer01.jpg|thumb|250px|'''Fig. 1: ApE window for binding of primers''']]
[[File:ApE Primer01.jpg|thumb|250px|'''Fig. 1: ApE window for binding of primers''']]
-
In this example, ApE is used to find the binding site on Lambda DNA for primer with a specific sequence.  <br>
+
In this example, ApE is used to find the binding site on Lambda DNA for primer with a specific sequence.   
-
<ol>
+
# Open ApE and paste the desired sequence, for which the primer is designated, in the sequence field (or open according .ape file, if made before.  
-
<blockquote>
+
# Go to Edit>Find (or use Ctrl+F).  
-
<li> Open ApE and paste the desired sequence, for which the primer is designated, in the sequence field (or open according .ape file, if made before. </li>
+
# Paste the primer sequence and check "also find rev-com of string" (the primer may be identical to (a part of) the opposite DNA strand.) and click the "Find Next" button, as shown in Fig. 1.   
-
<li> Go to Edit>Find (or use Ctrl+F). </li>
+
# The in blue highlighted sequence appears to be the desired primer sequence annealing to the template sequence. Check also if primer is indeed the reverse complement. Below the icon bar, one can find information about the length of the primer 30 nucleotides and the binding site.  
-
<li> Paste the primer sequence and check "also find rev-com of string" (the primer may be identical to (a part of) the opposite DNA strand.) and click the "Find Next" button, as shown in Fig. 1.  </li>
+
For an illustrative description of each steps, please follow [http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/Bioinformatics.htm#Finding_primer_binding_sites_using_ApE this link]
-
<li> The in blue highlighted sequence appears to be the desired primer sequence annealing to the template sequence. Check also if primer is indeed the reverse complement. Below the icon bar, one can find information about the length of the primer 30 nucleotides and the binding site. </li>
+
-
For an illustrative description of each steps, please follow <a href="http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/Bioinformatics.htm#Finding_primer_binding_sites_using_ApE">http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/Bioinformatics.htm#Finding_primer_binding_sites_using_ApE; [06/29/2012] </a>. </li>
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</blockquote>
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-
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-
</p>
+
 +
=== Find restriction sites and fragment lenghts with ApE ===
 +
# Start ApE and open desired sequence.
 +
# Go to the Enzyme Selector (or use Ctrl+E) and click on the wanted restriction enzymes; the amount of restriction sites will be indicated in brackets.
 +
# One can now continue with different options:
 +
** searching different restriction enzymes with particular properties applying the various buttons in the "Select panel",
 +
** or highlighting the restiction site within the given sequence by pressing "Highlight" button,
 +
** or simulating a restriction <i>in silico</i> by klicking on the "Digest" button.
-
<h3><b>Find restriction sites and fragment lenghts with ApE</b></h3>
 
-
<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
 
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<ol>
 
-
<blockquote>
 
-
<li> Start ApE and open desired sequence. </li>
 
-
<li> Go to the Enzyme Selector (or use Ctrl+E) and click on the wanted restriction enzymes; the amount of restriction sites will be indicated in brackets.</li>
 
-
<li> One can now continue with different options:
 
-
</blockquote>
 
-
<blockquote>
 
-
<ul>
 
-
<li> searching different restriction enzymes with particular properties applying the various buttons in the "Select panel",</li>
 
-
<li> or highlighting the restiction site within the given sequence by pressing "Highlight" button, </li>
 
-
<li> or simulating a restriction <i>in silico</i> by klicking on the "Digest" button.</li>
 
-
</ul>
 
-
</blockquote>
 
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
 
A new window will appear showing the digestion results. Additional information about the different bands can be received by hovering the mouse arrow over the bands, map or text. A convenient way to see the respective sequence behind a digested fragment is by simply klicking on the fragment within the digest window.
A new window will appear showing the digestion results. Additional information about the different bands can be received by hovering the mouse arrow over the bands, map or text. A convenient way to see the respective sequence behind a digested fragment is by simply klicking on the fragment within the digest window.
-
For a description with the use of pictures for each step, please follow <a href="http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/ApE_and_lambda.htm">http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/ApE_and_lambda.htm; [06/29/2012]</a>.
+
For a description with the use of pictures for each step, please follow [http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/ApE_and_lambda.htm this link].
-
</p>
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+
-
<h3><b>Blasting Sequences</b></h3>
+
=== Blasting Sequences ===
-
<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
+
For blasting two Sequences:
For blasting two Sequences:
-
<ol>
+
# Open two sequences on ApE.  
-
<li> Open two sequences on ApE. </li>
+
# Select "Tools -> Align Two Sequences".
-
<li> Select "Tools -> Align Two Sequences".
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</ol>
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<br>
+
For blasting multiple Sequences:
For blasting multiple Sequences:
-
<ol>
+
# Open multiple sequences on ApE.  
-
<li> Open multiple sequences on ApE. </li>
+
# Select "Tools -> Align Sequences".  
-
<li> Select "Tools -> Align Sequences". </li>
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</ol>
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</p>
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
 
It is important to note that the opening chronology of the ApE files will matter in the order of the alignment sequences. Those will show up in according sequence from top to bottom.
It is important to note that the opening chronology of the ApE files will matter in the order of the alignment sequences. Those will show up in according sequence from top to bottom.
Mismatches will be highlighted in red color, whereas matches will use the respective nucleotide linked with a dash. By double-clicking on any base pair within the sequence alignment, the sequence corresponding to this location will appear in the sequence ApE window.
Mismatches will be highlighted in red color, whereas matches will use the respective nucleotide linked with a dash. By double-clicking on any base pair within the sequence alignment, the sequence corresponding to this location will appear in the sequence ApE window.
-
</p>
 
 +
=== Finding the ORF ===
 +
# Under "ORFs -> Find Next (or Ctrl+>) / Find Previous (or Ctrl+<)" open reading frames, i. e sequences beginning with a start codon ATG and end with one of the stop codons, become visible. 
 +
# These ORFs can be translated using "ORFs -> Selection Translate" for direct amino acid sequence in the current displayed selection or by creating a new window "ORFs (or Ctrl+T)-> Translate" listing the aa sequence and enabling to link the amino acids with the nucleotides, respectively. The translated sequence can be chosen in 1- or 3-letter code.
 +
=== General Remarks ===
 +
* While copying features from one file to another, it is obligatory to have the file containing those features still open. 
 +
* Addition of extra enzymes is possible only via the "Enzyme Editor (or Ctrl+E) -> Enzymes -> New Enzyme". To save these changes in the program folders ApE, use "Enzyme Editor (or Ctrl+E) -> File -> Save Current Enzymes as Default". For permanent saving exceeding new installing of the program, copy your Default file within the ApE program pathway. After installing paste this file in the corresponding folder.
 +
* Features in the DNA sequences can be labeled, selecting "Features (or Ctrl+.) -> New Feature" allowing to mark the standard BioBrick restriction sites obvious or e.g. antibiotic resistances. These annotations are also saved. Moreover, it has a preexisting Feature Library which can be used for easily see important regions.
-
<h3><b>Finding the ORF</b></h3>
+
== Blasting of Sequences ==
-
<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
+
This [http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi link] allows for alignment of two or even multiple given sequences.
-
<ol>
+
To become more informed how to do the sequence alignment with BLAST follow [http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/Bioinformatics.htm#Alignment_of_two_given_sequences_ here].
-
<li> Under "ORFs -> Find Next (or Ctrl+>) / Find Previous (or Ctrl+<)" open reading frames, i. e sequences beginning with a start codon ATG and end with one of the stop codons, become visible. </li>
+
-
<li> These ORFs can be translated using "ORFs -> Selection Translate" for direct amino acid sequence in the current displayed selection or by creating a new window "ORFs (or Ctrl+T)-> Translate" listing the aa sequence and enabling to link the amino acids with the nucleotides, respectively. The translated sequence can be chosen in 1- or 3-letter code. </li>
+
-
</ol>
+
-
</p>
+
 +
== T<sub>m</sub> calculator ==
 +
This [http://www.iit-biotech.de/iit-cgi/oligo-tm.pl link] provides an online calculation form for the melting temperature T<sub>m</sub> of
 +
PCR primers referring to the so-called Nearest Neighbour method.
-
<h3><b>General Remarks </b></h3>
+
== Double Digest Finder ==
-
<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
+
This [http://www.fermentas.com/en/tools/doubledigest/ link] helps to find the appropriate reaction conditions while cleaving a DNA
-
<ul>
+
-
<li> While copying features from one file to another, it is obligatory to have the file containing those features still open.  </li>
+
-
<li> Addition of extra enzymes is possible only via the "Enzyme Editor (or Ctrl+E) -> Enzymes -> New Enzyme". To save these changes in the program folders ApE, use "Enzyme Editor (or Ctrl+E) -> File -> Save Current Enzymes as Default". For permanent saving exceeding new installing of the program, copy your Default file within the ApE program pathway. After installing paste this file in the corresponding folder. </li>
+
-
Features in the DNA sequences can be labeled, selecting "Features (or Ctrl+.) -> New Feature" allowing to mark the standard BioBrick restriction sites obvious or e.g. antibiotic resistances. These annotations are also saved. Moreover, it has a preexisting Feature Library which can be used for easily see important regions. </li>
+
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<h2><b><a name="BLAST"></a>Blasting of Sequences</b></h2>
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
+
-
This <a href="http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi">link </a> allows for alignment of two or even multiple given sequences.
+
-
To become more informed how to do the sequence alignment with BLAST follow
+
-
<a href="http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/Bioinformatics.htm#Alignment_of_two_given_sequences_">here</a>. <br>
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<h2><b><a name="T<sub>m</sub>_calculator"></a>T<sub>m</sub> calculator</b></h2>
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-
<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">This <a href="http://www.iit-biotech.de/iit-cgi/oligo-tm.pl">link</a> provides an online calculation form for the melting temperature T<sub>m</sub> of
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PCR primers referring to the so-called Nearest Neighbour method. <br>
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<h2><b><a name="Double_Digest_Finder"></a>Double Digest Finder</b></h2>
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
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This <a href="http://www.fermentas.com/en/tools/doubledigest/">link </a> helps to find the appropriate reaction conditions while cleaving a DNA
+
substrate with two restriction enzymes simultaneously as double digestion is a common timesaving procedure. The Thermo Scientific Double Digest
substrate with two restriction enzymes simultaneously as double digestion is a common timesaving procedure. The Thermo Scientific Double Digest
Finder tool is applied by selecting the two restriction enzymes and submitting the query. It gives the reaction conditions amenable to any two
Finder tool is applied by selecting the two restriction enzymes and submitting the query. It gives the reaction conditions amenable to any two
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Thermo Scientific restriction enzymes. <br>
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Thermo Scientific restriction enzymes.  
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<h2><b><a name="Enzyme_Finder"></a>Enzyme Finder</b></h2>
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
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== Enzyme Finder ==
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This <a href="http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/EnzymeFinderSearchbySequence.asp">link </a> leads to a tool which allows for selection of restriction
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This [http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/EnzymeFinderSearchbySequence.asp link] leads to a tool which allows for selection of restriction
enzymes by name, sequence, overhang, or type. It should be noted that the single letter code nomenclature should be entered for restriction sites.
enzymes by name, sequence, overhang, or type. It should be noted that the single letter code nomenclature should be entered for restriction sites.
The search results appear in a list having enzymes supplied by NEB at the top with corresponding displayed links.
The search results appear in a list having enzymes supplied by NEB at the top with corresponding displayed links.
-
</p>
 
-
 
+
== NEBcutter V2.0 ==
-
 
+
This [http://tools.neb.com/NEBcutter2/ link] will lead one to the NEBcutter: a program to cleave DNA with restriction enzymes.
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<br>
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<br>
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<br>
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<font face="Verdana" size="-1">
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<h2><b><a name="NEBcutter_V2.0"></a>NEBcutter V2.0</b></h2>
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
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This <a href="http://tools.neb.com/NEBcutter2/">link</a> will lead one to the NEBcutter: a program to cleave DNA with restriction enzymes.
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By submitting a maximum size of the input file of 1 MByte or a maximum sequence length of 300 kb, a linearized sequence restriction map will
By submitting a maximum size of the input file of 1 MByte or a maximum sequence length of 300 kb, a linearized sequence restriction map will
be the result containing the marked restriction enzyme sites. The map also indicates the fashion of the sticky or blunted end cutters.
be the result containing the marked restriction enzyme sites. The map also indicates the fashion of the sticky or blunted end cutters.
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Moreover, additional effects like methylation of the DNA sequence are given, too. <br>
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Moreover, additional effects like methylation of the DNA sequence are given, too.  
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<h2><b><a name="ORF_Finder"></a>ORF Finder</b></h2>
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
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== ORF Finder ==
"The ORF Finder (Open Reading Frame Finder) is a graphical analysis tool which finds all open reading frames of a selectable minimum size
"The ORF Finder (Open Reading Frame Finder) is a graphical analysis tool which finds all open reading frames of a selectable minimum size
in a user's sequence or in a sequence already in the database. This tool identifies all open reading frames using the standard or alternative
in a user's sequence or in a sequence already in the database. This tool identifies all open reading frames using the standard or alternative
genetic codes. The deduced amino acid sequence can be saved in various formats and searched against the sequence database using the WWW BLAST server.
genetic codes. The deduced amino acid sequence can be saved in various formats and searched against the sequence database using the WWW BLAST server.
The ORF Finder should be helpful in preparing complete and accurate sequence submissions. It is also packaged with the Sequin sequence submission software"
The ORF Finder should be helpful in preparing complete and accurate sequence submissions. It is also packaged with the Sequin sequence submission software"
-
(Quote from: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/project/gorf/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/project/gorf/; 06/29/2012</a>).
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(Quote from: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/project/gorf/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/project/gorf/; 06/29/2012]).
-
This <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html"> link </a> aids to find all open reading frames (ORFs) in a given sequence.
+
This [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html link] aids to find all open reading frames (ORFs) in a given sequence.
It is an ideal alternative to the ApE ORF finding feature if an ApE sequence file has not been constructed yet or if ApE is not installed at the
It is an ideal alternative to the ApE ORF finding feature if an ApE sequence file has not been constructed yet or if ApE is not installed at the
-
used computer. <br>
+
used computer.  
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</p>
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== RE Base ==
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This [http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/rebase.html link] encompasses comprehensive information about restriction enzymes and is the
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<br>
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<h2><b><a name="RE_Base"></a>RE Base</b></h2>
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<p align="justify" style="line-height:1.6em">
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This <a href="http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/rebase.html">link </a> encompasses comprehensive information about restriction enzymes and is the
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official RE Database by NEB. It provides for instance information of suppliers,recognition sequence, isoschizomers and the restriction enzyme type.
official RE Database by NEB. It provides for instance information of suppliers,recognition sequence, isoschizomers and the restriction enzyme type.
-
In regard of a single enzyme also the organism and organism type with respective growth temperature behind the abbreviation is listed. <br>
+
In regard of a single enzyme also the organism and organism type with respective growth temperature behind the abbreviation is listed.  
Choose the search enzyme names or the recognition sequence search catagory, and type a keyword (e.g. ecor or gaattc) to quickly find info about
Choose the search enzyme names or the recognition sequence search catagory, and type a keyword (e.g. ecor or gaattc) to quickly find info about
specific enzymes and click REbase list to find more specialised information. In this example, BamHI was searched within the RE Base:
specific enzymes and click REbase list to find more specialised information. In this example, BamHI was searched within the RE Base:
-
<ul>
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* Acronym: BamH  
-
<li>Acronym: BamH </li>
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* Prototype: <i>BamH</i>I  
-
<li>Prototype: <i>BamH</i>I </li>
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* Org #: 208
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<li>Org #: 208</li>
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* Organism: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H
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<li>Organism: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H</li>
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* Organism type: bacteria  
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<li>Organism type: bacteria </li>
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* Organism source: ATCC 49763 (ATCC LINK)
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<li>Organism source: ATCC 49763 (ATCC LINK)</li>
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* Growth Temperature: 37°C
-
<li>Growth Temperature: 37°C</li>
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* Experimental Evidence: biochemistry
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<li>Experimental Evidence: biochemistry</li>
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* Exhibits star activity  
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<li>Exhibits star activity </li>
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* Enzyme gene cloned.
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<li>Enzyme gene cloned.</li>
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* Enzyme gene sequenced.  
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<li>Enzyme gene sequenced. </li>
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* Crystal data present.
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<li>Crystal data present.</li>
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* Kinetics data present.  
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<li>Kinetics data present. </li>
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* Molecular Weight: 24569   
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<li>Molecular Weight: 24569  </li>
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</ul>
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Have also a look at the <a href="http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/EnzymeFinder.asp">Enzyme Finder</a> as alternative source of information.
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<b>Important pages</b>:<br>
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen">Home</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Team">Team</a>;
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<a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012">Official Team Profile</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Project">Project</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Parts">Parts submitted to the Registry</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Modeling">Modeling</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Notebook">Notebook</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Saftey">Saftey</a>;
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Attributions">Attributions</a>
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Have also a look at the [http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/EnzymeFinder.asp Enzyme Finder] as alternative source of information.
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== WebLogo ==
 +
This [http://weblogo.berkeley.edu/logo.cgi link] encompasses a web based application. It will help you to generate sequence logos easily. To create your own sequence logos it is important to enter the sequence data only in the allowed file type:
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* FASTA format
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* CLUSTALW format
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* Flat format.
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Latest revision as of 19:12, 25 September 2012

Deutsch  / English 

Contents

Link List of Bioinformatical Tools

Here, an useful link list of computational and bioinformatical tools is provided. All of these programs are regularly used by the students to do the cloning process.

  • [http://biologylabs.utah.edu/jorgensen/wayned/ape/ A plasmid Editor ApE] - Use of ApE
  • [http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi Blasting of Sequences] - BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool of NCBI
  • [http://www.iit-biotech.de/iit-cgi/oligo-tm.pl Tm calculator] - Calculator for Primer Melting Temperature
  • [http://www.fermentas.com/en/tools/doubledigest/ Double Digest Finder] - Double Digest Finder of Thermo Scientific
  • [http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/EnzymeFinderSearchbySequence.asp Enzyme Finder] - Enzyme Finder of NEB
  • [http://tools.neb.com/NEBcutter2/ NEBcutter V2.0] - NEBcutter V2.0
  • [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html ORF Finder] - ORF Finder of NCBI
  • [http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/rebase.html RE Base] - The Restriction Enzyme Database RE Base of NEB
  • [http://weblogo.berkeley.edu/logo.cgi WebLogo] - WebLogo

A plasmid Editor ApE

File:Goett Ape BG.gif
The Ape Logo
The plasmid Editor ApE by M. Wayne Davis is a free ware program conceived for both Windows (XP, Vista and 7) and Mac (OS X v10.5 and above). It can be downloaded [http://biologylabs.utah.edu/jorgensen/wayned/ape/ here]. The program offers lots of applications required for cloning processes, e.g. construction of plasmid maps, primer design, sequence alignments, management of sequences, ORF finder, Tm calculator, translation of nucleotide sequences and a lot more. ApE is compatible for the handling of common sequencing formatted .seq and .ab1 files. For further information visit the ApE homepage. Moreover, the hoster´s of the program take care about an [http://ape-a-plasmid-editor.wikispaces.com/ ApE Wiki] where you can find help and advice if questions in the use of ApE pop up.




Primer Design with ApE

Primers depend mainly on the chosen criteria. Yet, the specifity and the tendency to form hair-pins drastically reduces straight forward PCR amplification of genes. ApE also offers a primer design feature.

  1. Highlight the sequence to which the primer should bind. Recognize that given standard minimum and maximum length is 20 bp and 25 bp, respectively. Nevertheless, these options can be altered.
  2. Select "Tools -> Find Primers". A new window Find primers will emerge offering lots of different manipulatable attributes.
  3. Click "OK" to see the possible primers.

Primer Binding with ApE

Fig. 1: ApE window for binding of primers

In this example, ApE is used to find the binding site on Lambda DNA for primer with a specific sequence.

  1. Open ApE and paste the desired sequence, for which the primer is designated, in the sequence field (or open according .ape file, if made before.
  2. Go to Edit>Find (or use Ctrl+F).
  3. Paste the primer sequence and check "also find rev-com of string" (the primer may be identical to (a part of) the opposite DNA strand.) and click the "Find Next" button, as shown in Fig. 1.
  4. The in blue highlighted sequence appears to be the desired primer sequence annealing to the template sequence. Check also if primer is indeed the reverse complement. Below the icon bar, one can find information about the length of the primer 30 nucleotides and the binding site.

For an illustrative description of each steps, please follow [http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/Bioinformatics.htm#Finding_primer_binding_sites_using_ApE this link]

Find restriction sites and fragment lenghts with ApE

  1. Start ApE and open desired sequence.
  2. Go to the Enzyme Selector (or use Ctrl+E) and click on the wanted restriction enzymes; the amount of restriction sites will be indicated in brackets.
  3. One can now continue with different options:
    • searching different restriction enzymes with particular properties applying the various buttons in the "Select panel",
    • or highlighting the restiction site within the given sequence by pressing "Highlight" button,
    • or simulating a restriction in silico by klicking on the "Digest" button.

A new window will appear showing the digestion results. Additional information about the different bands can be received by hovering the mouse arrow over the bands, map or text. A convenient way to see the respective sequence behind a digested fragment is by simply klicking on the fragment within the digest window. For a description with the use of pictures for each step, please follow [http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/ApE_and_lambda.htm this link].

Blasting Sequences

For blasting two Sequences:

  1. Open two sequences on ApE.
  2. Select "Tools -> Align Two Sequences".

For blasting multiple Sequences:

  1. Open multiple sequences on ApE.
  2. Select "Tools -> Align Sequences".

It is important to note that the opening chronology of the ApE files will matter in the order of the alignment sequences. Those will show up in according sequence from top to bottom. Mismatches will be highlighted in red color, whereas matches will use the respective nucleotide linked with a dash. By double-clicking on any base pair within the sequence alignment, the sequence corresponding to this location will appear in the sequence ApE window.

Finding the ORF

  1. Under "ORFs -> Find Next (or Ctrl+>) / Find Previous (or Ctrl+<)" open reading frames, i. e sequences beginning with a start codon ATG and end with one of the stop codons, become visible.
  2. These ORFs can be translated using "ORFs -> Selection Translate" for direct amino acid sequence in the current displayed selection or by creating a new window "ORFs (or Ctrl+T)-> Translate" listing the aa sequence and enabling to link the amino acids with the nucleotides, respectively. The translated sequence can be chosen in 1- or 3-letter code.

General Remarks

  • While copying features from one file to another, it is obligatory to have the file containing those features still open.
  • Addition of extra enzymes is possible only via the "Enzyme Editor (or Ctrl+E) -> Enzymes -> New Enzyme". To save these changes in the program folders ApE, use "Enzyme Editor (or Ctrl+E) -> File -> Save Current Enzymes as Default". For permanent saving exceeding new installing of the program, copy your Default file within the ApE program pathway. After installing paste this file in the corresponding folder.
  • Features in the DNA sequences can be labeled, selecting "Features (or Ctrl+.) -> New Feature" allowing to mark the standard BioBrick restriction sites obvious or e.g. antibiotic resistances. These annotations are also saved. Moreover, it has a preexisting Feature Library which can be used for easily see important regions.

Blasting of Sequences

This [http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi link] allows for alignment of two or even multiple given sequences. To become more informed how to do the sequence alignment with BLAST follow [http://www.bioinformatics.nl/molbi/SCLResources/Bioinformatics.htm#Alignment_of_two_given_sequences_ here].

Tm calculator

This [http://www.iit-biotech.de/iit-cgi/oligo-tm.pl link] provides an online calculation form for the melting temperature Tm of PCR primers referring to the so-called Nearest Neighbour method.

Double Digest Finder

This [http://www.fermentas.com/en/tools/doubledigest/ link] helps to find the appropriate reaction conditions while cleaving a DNA substrate with two restriction enzymes simultaneously as double digestion is a common timesaving procedure. The Thermo Scientific Double Digest Finder tool is applied by selecting the two restriction enzymes and submitting the query. It gives the reaction conditions amenable to any two Thermo Scientific restriction enzymes.

Enzyme Finder

This [http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/EnzymeFinderSearchbySequence.asp link] leads to a tool which allows for selection of restriction enzymes by name, sequence, overhang, or type. It should be noted that the single letter code nomenclature should be entered for restriction sites. The search results appear in a list having enzymes supplied by NEB at the top with corresponding displayed links.

NEBcutter V2.0

This [http://tools.neb.com/NEBcutter2/ link] will lead one to the NEBcutter: a program to cleave DNA with restriction enzymes. By submitting a maximum size of the input file of 1 MByte or a maximum sequence length of 300 kb, a linearized sequence restriction map will be the result containing the marked restriction enzyme sites. The map also indicates the fashion of the sticky or blunted end cutters. Moreover, additional effects like methylation of the DNA sequence are given, too.

ORF Finder

"The ORF Finder (Open Reading Frame Finder) is a graphical analysis tool which finds all open reading frames of a selectable minimum size in a user's sequence or in a sequence already in the database. This tool identifies all open reading frames using the standard or alternative genetic codes. The deduced amino acid sequence can be saved in various formats and searched against the sequence database using the WWW BLAST server. The ORF Finder should be helpful in preparing complete and accurate sequence submissions. It is also packaged with the Sequin sequence submission software" (Quote from: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/project/gorf/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/project/gorf/; 06/29/2012]).

This [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html link] aids to find all open reading frames (ORFs) in a given sequence. It is an ideal alternative to the ApE ORF finding feature if an ApE sequence file has not been constructed yet or if ApE is not installed at the used computer.

RE Base

This [http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/rebase.html link] encompasses comprehensive information about restriction enzymes and is the official RE Database by NEB. It provides for instance information of suppliers,recognition sequence, isoschizomers and the restriction enzyme type. In regard of a single enzyme also the organism and organism type with respective growth temperature behind the abbreviation is listed.

Choose the search enzyme names or the recognition sequence search catagory, and type a keyword (e.g. ecor or gaattc) to quickly find info about specific enzymes and click REbase list to find more specialised information. In this example, BamHI was searched within the RE Base:

  • Acronym: BamH
  • Prototype: BamHI
  • Org #: 208
  • Organism: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H
  • Organism type: bacteria
  • Organism source: ATCC 49763 (ATCC LINK)
  • Growth Temperature: 37°C
  • Experimental Evidence: biochemistry
  • Exhibits star activity
  • Enzyme gene cloned.
  • Enzyme gene sequenced.
  • Crystal data present.
  • Kinetics data present.
  • Molecular Weight: 24569

Have also a look at the [http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/EnzymeFinder.asp Enzyme Finder] as alternative source of information.

This [http://weblogo.berkeley.edu/logo.cgi link] encompasses a web based application. It will help you to generate sequence logos easily. To create your own sequence logos it is important to enter the sequence data only in the allowed file type:

  • FASTA format
  • CLUSTALW format
  • Flat format.

↑ Back to top!

Retrieved from "http://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/Project/Bioinformatical_Tool"