Team:UANL Mty-Mexico/Modeling/Biosensor

Biosensor

Our biosensor model is a continuation of the previously exposed transport and accumulation model with the addition of the production of luciferase as a function of ArsR|As concentration. In this way, we can relate the concentration of extracellular As to the production of luciferase.

ODEs

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The ODEs that describe the kinetics of the biosensor modules include all the assumptions presented in the core model and the equations presented for the accumulation and transport module, along with their corresponding parameters.

Taking into account the equations from the accumulation and transport module, we introduce a generator for Luciferase:

Luciferase mRNA

\begin{equation} \large \frac{d[mRNA_{Luc}]}{dt} = \alpha _{mLuc}\cdot (pro_{ars})\cdot(\frac{k_{D1}^{h_{1}}}{k_{D1}^{h_{1}}+[ArsR]^{h_{1}}})- \delta _{mRNA_{Luc}}[mRNA_{Luc}] \end{equation}

Luciferase protein

\begin{equation} \large \frac{d[Luc]}{dt} = \alpha _{pLuc}\cdot[mRNA_{Luc}]- \delta _{Luc}[Luc] \end{equation}

Parameters

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The parameters for the ODEs describing the production of luciferase mRNA and protein are shown in the next table.

Parameter table

Parameter	Description	Value	References
αmArsR	Maximal transcription rate of ArsR	3.74 nM/min	Assumptions
αmFluc	Maximal transcription rate of Fluc	1.40 nM/min	Assumptions
αpArsR	Maximal translation rate of ArsR	9.74 nM/min	Assumptions
αpFluc	Maximal translation rate of Fluc	2.06 nM/min	Assumptions
δmRNAArsR	Degradation rate of ArsR mRNA	2.16x10-1 min-1	Assumptions, Selinger, et al. (2003)
δmRNAFluc	Degradation rate of Fluc mRNA	3.37x10-2 min-1	Assumptions, Suter, et al. (2011), Karetnivok and Lehto (2006).
δArsR	Degradation rate of ArsR	2.31x10-2 min-1	Assumptions
δFluc	Degradation rate of Fluc	2.60x10-2 min-1	Assumptions, Auld, et al. (2008)
proars	Concentration of ars promoter	aprox. 1*plasmid copy (nM)	Assumptions

Simulations

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For the constructed ODEs, we built a Simulink model. With the extracellular As set to zero and the initial conditions for all other variables set to zero, as well, we obtained the values for the variables ArsR and Fluc (both in protein and mRNA) at steady state and used them as initial conditions for further simulations:

mRNAs: ArsR = 2.1058 nM; Fluc = 5 nM

Proteins: ArsR = 887.7 nM; Fluc = 398.6 nM

We also set all the numerical integrators to have lower saturation limits equal to zero, to be in concordance with the mass conservation law. Here are the results for simulations at extracellular As set to 0, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 μM (0, 100, 1000, 5000, 10000 nM).

Figure 1. Time vs Luciferase production (nM)

The last simulation shows the dynamics of the Luc production at different As concentrations; now we want to know the dynamic range of our biosensor. In order to do this, we performed simulations at varying extracellular As concentrations (ranging 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 μM) and recorded the level of Luc at 150 min. Next, we plotted the pairs of extracellular As concentration and Luc levels at 150 min; this pairs were then fitted to a rational curve using the Matlab fitting tool, so we ended with a formula for the theoretical relation between extracellular arsenic and Luc levels at 150 min

Figure 2. Extracellular arsenic vs Luc(nM)

Function relating extracellular arsenic and Luc

\begin{equation} \large [Luc] = \frac{2816[As]^{2} + 316.6[As] - 607}{[As]^{2} + 10.24[As] - 3.521} \end{equation}

The R² for this equation as a regresion of the actual data was 0.998.

Simulink model: biosensor

See our simulink model here.