Journalists and general public

Figure 1. Education.

A total of 339 individuals responded to our questionnaire, including 24 patients (Patients) and 21 journalists. The majority of the general public, who answered our questionnaire, were students (the majority of them students of life sciences) (Figure 1), which certainly biases the response and is clearly not a representative pattern of the population. Most journalists work for newspapers and TV and have university educations.

Patients more often agree (71%) that biopharmaceuticals in Slovenia are available to all those who need them in comparison with journalists and the public (Figure 2). Only 5% of journalists and 12% of the public share this opinion. In all three groups the majority believes that the high price limits the use of biopharmaceuticals (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Do you believe that the high price limits the use of biopharmaceuticals?

Figure 2. Do you agree that in Slovenia biopharmaceuticals are available to all who need them?

60% of the general public and journalists know what synthetic biology is (Figure 4). In view of the lack of awareness of the general public, we feel this result is an overestimation due to the structure of the population we were able to reach through electronic communications. In contrast none of the patients were familiar with the term synthetic biology, while the journalists were as informed as the student population.

Figure 4. Do you know what is synthetic biology?

Answers to the question about benefits of the development of a new therapy with human cells which would produce biological drugs inside the diseased tissues showed discrepancies between the group of patients on one side and the journalists and general public on the other (Figure 5). While approximately 50% of journalists and representatives of the general public are of the opinion that it could be beneficial to develop such therapy, this opinion is shared by as much as 71% of patients. However, the responses to a more general question about support of the use of synthetic biology for solving health and energy problems and designing novel materials are similar in all three represented groups; an approximate 80% support the use of synthetic biology for the mentioned purposes (Figure 6).

Figure 6. Do you support the use of synthetic biology for solving health problems, developing biofuels or new materials?

Figure 5. Do you think it would be beneficial to develop a therapy with human cells which could produce biological drugs inside the diseased tissue and thus reduce both side effects and the need for frequent drug application?

There are significant differences between answers on consuming genetically modified food (GM food) (Figure 7). 54% of patients and 27% of the general public have no concerns regarding GM food with improved taste, a more appealing look or an improved nutrition value, while only 5% of journalists would eat this sort of food and 52% of them might be willing. These results are however in disagreement with the results of the Eurobarometer of the European Commission which show that only 21% of Slovenians in 2010 agreed that GM food should be encouraged, a number which ranks us at the bottom of EU countries. It seems that a negative attitude of the media towards this issue probably contributes to this result.

Figure 7. Would you consume genetically modified food (GM food) if it had a better taste, looked more appealing or would be healthier?

A more detailed analysis of the answers about the benefits of the development of a new medical therapy with human cells producing biological drugs and the answers about GM food showed a difference in perception of a technology depending on its purpose. While 43% of journalists are not willing to eat GM food, none from them are absolutely against the new proposed therapy. Similarly, patients not willing to eat GM food, are in favor of the developement of such a therapy and answered »yes« to the question in as much as 90%.

This demonstrates a different perception of a similar technology when used for improvement of food or to solve health-related issues. In connection to agricultural GMOs, a majority of the public in Europe seems to be irreparably biased against the dissemination of GM plants, despite their potentials to solve environmental or energy problems. Medical applications of synthetic biology are most likely perceived more favorably because of the different attitude towards issues with a direct affect on a person's quality of life, while at least in developed countries there is an opulence of food to choose from. All biological drugs are in fact prepared by techniques of genetic engineering, which in this case seems not to impact the public opinion. Medical applications of synthetic biology represent in our view an opportunity to exploit the great potentials of this area and mobilize the public opinion towards approval and recognition of the potentials of synthetic biology with success stories (Ruder and Collins, 2011; Bugaj and Schaffer, 2012).

References

Bugaj, L.J., Schaffer, D.V. (2012) Bringing next-generation therapeutics to the clinic through synthetic biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 16, 355-61.

Ruder, W.C., Lu, T., Collins, J.J. (2011) Synthetic biology moving into the clinic. Science 333, 1248-52.