Latest revision as of 21:04, 26 October 2012

Biological therapy

Biological drugs represent important medical tools produced by biotechnology that include nucleic acids or proteins. Since the approval of biosynthetic human insulin produced via recombinant DNA technology in 1982 as the first substance approved for therapeutic use, there are currently more than 160 registered biological drugs approved for therapy. Due to their high specificity and efficiency, biological drugs are rapidly becoming a standard therapy for numerous diseases. Protein based products are expected to account for 4 out of 5 top-selling drugs worldwide by the end of 2013. The global market value for biologicals is estimated at 90 billion dollars, which represents 13,8 % of all pharmaceuticals. Biological drugs can be used in almost any field of medicine but are mainly restricted to diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, AIDS/HIV, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Top 10 classes of pharmaceuticals in clinical use (source of data: IMS Health).

There are numerous advantages of biological drugs over non-biologics, especially for chronic diseases such as arthritis, where biologics can provide much better long-term outcomes. Some examples of biologics in clinical use are antibodies such as TNFR in therapy of arthritis or HER2/neu in breast cancer therapy., Others include small proteins such as interferon alpha used for the induction of antiviral response and insulin which is indispensable in therapy of diabetes. The use of biopharmaceuticals often leads to faster recovery and can reduce the need for additional therapy. With the use of biologics we are able to replace a protein or a hormone that is missing or is down-regulated in a patient (e.g. blood clotting factors, growth hormone…) in a safe and efficient manner that has not been possible before. In general, biologic therapy is more efficient for treatment of many chronic diseases than traditional drugs as it is not palliative and focused simply on the symptom control but acts on pathways that represent the underlying cause of the disease.

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 		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchDesignedTALregulators'><span>Designed TAL regulators</span></a></li>
 		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchMutualRepressorSwitch'><span>Mutual repressor switch</span></a></li>
-		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch'><span>Positive feedback loop switch</span></a></li>
+		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Positive feedback loop switch</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
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 	  </ul>
 	</li>
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 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsEscapeTag'><span>Escape tag</span></a></li>
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-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsMicrocapsuleDegradation'><span>Microcapsule degradation</span></a></li>
+     <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsMicrocapsuleDegradation"><table  onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsMicrocapsuleDegradation';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Microcapsule degradation</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
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 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationHepatitisC'><span>Hepatitis C</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationIschaemicHeartDisease'><span>Ischaemic heart disease</span></a></li>
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 	  <ul>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Modeling'><span>Overview</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPK'><span>Pharmacokinetics</span></a></li>
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 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingMethods'><span>Modeling methods</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingMutualRepressorSwitch'><span>Mutual repressor switch</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch'><span>Positive feedback loop switch</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingQuantitativeModel'><span>Quantitative and stability model</span></a></li>
+		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingQuantitativeModel'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingQuantitativeModel';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Experimental model</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+     <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingInteractiveSimulations'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingInteractiveSimulations';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Interactive simulations</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
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 	  <ul>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Notebook'><span>Experimental methods</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLablog'><span>Lablog</span></a></li>
+     <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLablog'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLablog';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Lablog</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-90px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLabSafety'><span>Lab safety</span></a></li>
 	  </ul>
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 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Society'><span>Human practice</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyScientists'><span>Scientists</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyMedicalDoctors'><span>Medical doctors</span></a></li>
+		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyMedicalDoctors'><span>Physicians</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyEthics'><span>Ethics, safety and regulations</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyPatients'><span>Patients</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyMedia'><span>Media and general public</span></a></li>
+		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyMedia'><span>Journalists and general public</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyOutreach'><span>Outreach</span></a></li>
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 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamAttributions'><span>Attributions</span></a></li>
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 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamGallery'><span>Gallery</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamSponsors'><span>Sponsors</span></a></li>
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 <h1>Biological therapy</h1>
 <p>
-Biological drugs represent medical drugs produced by biotechnology that include biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins or microorganisms. Since the biosynthetic human insulin made via recombinant DNA technology in 1982 as the first substance approved for therapeutic use, there are currently more than 160 registered biological drugs approved for therapy. Due to their high specificity and efficiency, biological drugs are rapidly becoming a standard therapy for a vast array of diseases. Protein based products are expected to be 4 out of 5 top-selling drugs on the global market by the end of 2013. The estimated global market value for biologicals is 90 billion dollars, which represents 13,8 % of all pharmaceutics. Biological drugs can be used in almost any field of medicine but are mainly restricted to several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, AIDS/HIV, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
+Biological drugs represent important medical tools produced by biotechnology that include nucleic acids or proteins. Since the approval of biosynthetic human insulin produced via recombinant DNA technology in 1982 as the first substance approved for therapeutic use, there are currently more than 160 registered biological drugs approved for therapy. Due to their high specificity and efficiency, biological drugs are rapidly becoming a standard therapy for numerous diseases. Protein based products are expected to account for 4 out of 5 top-selling drugs worldwide by the end of 2013. The global market value for biologicals is estimated at 90 billion dollars, which represents 13,8 % of all pharmaceuticals. Biological drugs can be used in almost any field of medicine but are mainly restricted to diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, AIDS/HIV, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (Figure 1).
 </p>
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 <tbody  class="inliner">
-<tr class="inliner"><td class="normal"><img class="inliner" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/1/14/Svn12_biophmarket.jpg"/></td></tr>
+<tr class="inliner"><td class="inliner"><img class="inliner" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/d/d8/Svn12_bioph_market2.jpg"/></td></tr>
-<tr class="inliner"><td class="normal"><b>Figure 1.</b> Top 10 classes of pharmaceuticals in clinical use (source of data: IMS Health).</td></tr>
+<tr class="inliner"><td class="inliner"><b>Figure 1.</b> Top 10 classes of pharmaceuticals in clinical use (source of data: IMS Health).</td></tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
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 <div style="text-align:justify;">
-Once prescribed to treat only rare genetic diseases, biologics have rapidly become a more common therapeutic option for different disease conditions. There are numerous advantages of biologics over non-biologics, especially for chronic diseases such as arthritis, where biologics can provide much better long-term outcomes. Some examples of biologics on the market are antibodies such as TNFR in arthritis therapy or HER2/neu in breast cancer, interferon alpha used for the induction of antiviral response and insulin which is indispensable in diabetes therapy. The use of biopharmaceuticals often leads to faster recovery and can reduce the amount of additional therapy needed. With the use of biologics we are able to replace a protein or a hormone that is missing or is down-regulated in a patient in a safe and efficient manner that has not been possible before (e.g. hemophilia, growth hormone…). In general biologic therapy is more efficient in treating many chronic diseases than its traditional counterparts as it is not palliative and focused simply on symptom control but acts on the pathways that represent the core of the disease.
+<p>
+There are numerous advantages of biological drugs over non-biologics, especially for chronic diseases such as arthritis, where biologics can provide much better long-term outcomes. Some examples of biologics in clinical use are antibodies such as TNFR in therapy of arthritis or HER2/neu in breast cancer therapy., Others include small proteins such as interferon alpha used for the induction of antiviral response and insulin which is indispensable in therapy of diabetes. The use of biopharmaceuticals often leads to faster recovery and can reduce the need for additional therapy. With the use of biologics we are able to replace a protein or a hormone that is missing or is down-regulated in a patient (e.g. blood clotting factors, growth hormone…) in a safe and efficient manner that has not been possible before. In general, biologic therapy is more efficient for treatment of many chronic diseases than traditional drugs as it is not palliative and focused simply on the symptom control but acts on pathways that represent the underlying cause of the disease.
 </div>
 </p>

Team:Slovenia/IdeaBioTherapy

From 2012.igem.org

Latest revision as of 21:04, 26 October 2012

Biological therapy