Latest revision as of 21:04, 26 October 2012

Biological therapy

Biological drugs represent important medical tools produced by biotechnology that include nucleic acids or proteins. Since the approval of biosynthetic human insulin produced via recombinant DNA technology in 1982 as the first substance approved for therapeutic use, there are currently more than 160 registered biological drugs approved for therapy. Due to their high specificity and efficiency, biological drugs are rapidly becoming a standard therapy for numerous diseases. Protein based products are expected to account for 4 out of 5 top-selling drugs worldwide by the end of 2013. The global market value for biologicals is estimated at 90 billion dollars, which represents 13,8 % of all pharmaceuticals. Biological drugs can be used in almost any field of medicine but are mainly restricted to diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, AIDS/HIV, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Top 10 classes of pharmaceuticals in clinical use (source of data: IMS Health).

There are numerous advantages of biological drugs over non-biologics, especially for chronic diseases such as arthritis, where biologics can provide much better long-term outcomes. Some examples of biologics in clinical use are antibodies such as TNFR in therapy of arthritis or HER2/neu in breast cancer therapy., Others include small proteins such as interferon alpha used for the induction of antiviral response and insulin which is indispensable in therapy of diabetes. The use of biopharmaceuticals often leads to faster recovery and can reduce the need for additional therapy. With the use of biologics we are able to replace a protein or a hormone that is missing or is down-regulated in a patient (e.g. blood clotting factors, growth hormone…) in a safe and efficient manner that has not been possible before. In general, biologic therapy is more efficient for treatment of many chronic diseases than traditional drugs as it is not palliative and focused simply on the symptom control but acts on pathways that represent the underlying cause of the disease.

Next: Challenge >>

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
+<!-- back to top >
+<div style="position:fixed; bottom:45px; right:30px; width:100px; height:66px; background-color:transparent;">
+<a href="#topofthepage">
+<table style="background-color:transparent;" onclick="window.location = '#topofthepage'" class="invisible" style="height:100%;">
+<tr class="invisible" style="background-color:transparent;">
+<td class="invisible" style="background-color:transparent;" valign="center">
+<img width="100px" src ="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/1/14/Svn12_hp_btt.png"></img>
+</td></tr></table>
+</a>
+</div-->
 <style type="text/css">
@@ Line 155: / Line 166: @@
 /* Tables */
 /* IE 6: http://webdesign.about.com/od/tables/qt/tiptablecenter.htm */
-table.normal { border-collapse: collapse; margin: auto; width:70%; margin-bottom:15px; }
+table.normal { border-collapse: collapse; margin: auto; width:80%; margin-bottom:15px; }
 td.normal, th.normal { padding-left: 1.4em; padding-right: 1.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; border: 1px #d8d8d8 solid; }
 thead.normal{ background: #0C5DA5; color:#ffffff; border: 1px #d8d8d8 solid; }
@@ Line 211: / Line 222: @@
 #cssmenu ul li > ul li{display:block; list-style:inside none; padding:0; margin:0; position:relative;}
 #cssmenu ul li > ul li a{ outline:none; display:block; position:relative; margin:0; padding:8px 20px; font:10pt Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#fff; text-decoration:none; text-shadow:1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0, 0.5); }
+#cssmenu ul li > ul li a table tr td span{ outline:none; display:block; position:relative; margin:0; padding:0px 0px; font:10pt Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#fff; text-decoration:none; text-shadow:1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0, 0.5); }
 #cssmenu, #cssmenu > ul > li > ul > li a:hover
 { 	background:#043A6B;
@@ Line 226: / Line 238: @@
 #cssmenu > ul > li > a:hover{background:#0C5DA5;}
 /* end CSS navigation menu (blue) */
+/*new table start*/
+table.newtable {background-color:transparent;}
+td.newtable, th.newtable {background-color:transparent;}
+thead.newtable{ }
+tbody .newtable{}
+/*new table start*/
@@ Line 302: / Line 321: @@
 <body>
+<a name="topofthepage" style="background-color:transparent;"></a>
 <div id="banner">
+<a style="position:absolute; top:0px; left:490px;" href="https://2012.igem.org/Main_Page"></a>
 </div>
@@ Line 326: / Line 346: @@
 		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchDesignedTALregulators'><span>Designed TAL regulators</span></a></li>
 		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchMutualRepressorSwitch'><span>Mutual repressor switch</span></a></li>
-		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch'><span>Positive feedback loop switch</span></a></li>
+		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Positive feedback loop switch</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+    <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchControls'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchControls';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Controls</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-81px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
 	</li>
@@ Line 334: / Line 355: @@
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsEscapeTag'><span>Escape tag</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsTermination'><span>Termination</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsMicrocapsuleDegradation'><span>Microcapsule degradation</span></a></li>
+     <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsMicrocapsuleDegradation"><table  onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsMicrocapsuleDegradation';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Microcapsule degradation</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
 	</li>
@@ Line 342: / Line 363: @@
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationHepatitisC'><span>Hepatitis C</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationIschaemicHeartDisease'><span>Ischaemic heart disease</span></a></li>
+     <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationImpact'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationImpact';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Impact</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-86px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
@@ Line 349: / Line 371: @@
 	  <ul>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Modeling'><span>Overview</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPK'><span>Pharmacokinetics</span></a></li>
+     <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPK'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPK';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Pharmacokinetics</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingMethods'><span>Modeling methods</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingMutualRepressorSwitch'><span>Mutual repressor switch</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch'><span>Positive feedback loop switch</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingQuantitativeModel'><span>Quantitative and stability model</span></a></li>
+		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingQuantitativeModel'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingQuantitativeModel';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Experimental model</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+     <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingInteractiveSimulations'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingInteractiveSimulations';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Interactive simulations</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
 	</li>
@@ Line 364: / Line 387: @@
 	  <ul>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Notebook'><span>Experimental methods</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLablog'><span>Lablog</span></a></li>
+     <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLablog'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLablog';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Lablog</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-90px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLabSafety'><span>Lab safety</span></a></li>
 	  </ul>
@@ Line 373: / Line 396: @@
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Society'><span>Human practice</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyScientists'><span>Scientists</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyMedicalDoctors'><span>Medical doctors</span></a></li>
+		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyMedicalDoctors'><span>Physicians</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyEthics'><span>Ethics, safety and regulations</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyPatients'><span>Patients</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyMedia'><span>Media and general public</span></a></li>
+		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyMedia'><span>Journalists and general public</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyOutreach'><span>Outreach</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SocietyQuestionnaire'><span>Questionnaire</span></a></li>
@@ Line 387: / Line 410: @@
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Team'><span>Team members</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamAttributions'><span>Attributions</span></a></li>
+		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamCollaborations'><table  onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamCollaborations';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Collaborations</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-20px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamGallery'><span>Gallery</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamSponsors'><span>Sponsors</span></a></li>
@@ Line 399: / Line 423: @@
 <div id="main">
 <br/>
+<!-- zamenjaj -->
+<!-- dummy link na bannerju -->
+<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Main_Page">
+<div id="dummy" style="background-color:transparent; position:absolute; left:870px; top:25px; width:115px; height:80px; z-index:100; opacity:0.0;">
+</div>
+</a>
 <h1>Biological therapy</h1>
 <p>
-Biological drugs represent medical drugs produced by biotechnology that include biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins or microorganisms. Since the biosynthetic human insulin made via recombinant DNA technology in 1982 as the first substance approved for therapeutic use, there are currently more than 160 registered biological drugs approved for therapy. Due to their high specificity and efficiency, biological drugs are rapidly becoming a standard therapy for a vast array of diseases. Protein based products are expected to be 4 out of 5 top-selling drugs on the global market by the end of 2013. The estimated global market value for biologicals is 90 billion dollars, which represents 13,8 % of all pharmaceutics. Biological drugs can be used in almost any field of medicine but are mainly restricted to several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, AIDS/HIV, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
+Biological drugs represent important medical tools produced by biotechnology that include nucleic acids or proteins. Since the approval of biosynthetic human insulin produced via recombinant DNA technology in 1982 as the first substance approved for therapeutic use, there are currently more than 160 registered biological drugs approved for therapy. Due to their high specificity and efficiency, biological drugs are rapidly becoming a standard therapy for numerous diseases. Protein based products are expected to account for 4 out of 5 top-selling drugs worldwide by the end of 2013. The global market value for biologicals is estimated at 90 billion dollars, which represents 13,8 % of all pharmaceuticals. Biological drugs can be used in almost any field of medicine but are mainly restricted to diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, AIDS/HIV, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (Figure 1).
 </p>
@@ Line 410: / Line 442: @@
 <table class="inliner">
 <tbody  class="inliner">
-<tr class="inliner"><td class="normal"><img class="inliner" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/b/b0/Svn12_bioph_market.png"/></td></tr>
+<tr class="inliner"><td class="inliner"><img class="inliner" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/d/d8/Svn12_bioph_market2.jpg"/></td></tr>
-<tr class="inliner"><td class="normal"><b>Figure 1.</b> Top 10 classes of pharmaceuticals in clinical use (source of data: IMS Health).</td></tr>
+<tr class="inliner"><td class="inliner"><b>Figure 1.</b> Top 10 classes of pharmaceuticals in clinical use (source of data: IMS Health).</td></tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
@@ Line 417: / Line 451: @@
 <div style="text-align:justify;">
-Once prescribed to treat only rare genetic diseases, biologics have rapidly become a more common therapeutic option for different disease conditions. There are numerous advantages of biologics over non-biologics, especially for chronic diseases such as arthritis, where biologics can provide much better long-term outcomes. Some examples of biologics on the market are antibodies such as TNFR in arthritis therapy or HER2/neu in breast cancer, interferon alpha used for the induction of antiviral response and insulin which is indispensable in diabetes therapy. The use of biopharmaceuticals often leads to faster recovery and can reduce the amount of additional therapy needed. With the use of biologics we are able to replace a protein or a hormone that is missing or is down-regulated in a patient in a safe and efficient manner that has not been possible before (e.g. hemophilia, growth hormone…). In general biologic therapy is more efficient in treating many chronic diseases than its traditional counterparts as it is not palliative and focused simply on symptom control but acts on the pathways that represent the core of the disease.
+<p>
+There are numerous advantages of biological drugs over non-biologics, especially for chronic diseases such as arthritis, where biologics can provide much better long-term outcomes. Some examples of biologics in clinical use are antibodies such as TNFR in therapy of arthritis or HER2/neu in breast cancer therapy., Others include small proteins such as interferon alpha used for the induction of antiviral response and insulin which is indispensable in therapy of diabetes. The use of biopharmaceuticals often leads to faster recovery and can reduce the need for additional therapy. With the use of biologics we are able to replace a protein or a hormone that is missing or is down-regulated in a patient (e.g. blood clotting factors, growth hormone…) in a safe and efficient manner that has not been possible before. In general, biologic therapy is more efficient for treatment of many chronic diseases than traditional drugs as it is not palliative and focused simply on the symptom control but acts on pathways that represent the underlying cause of the disease.
 </div>
 </p>

Team:Slovenia/IdeaBioTherapy

From 2012.igem.org

Latest revision as of 21:04, 26 October 2012

Biological therapy