Team:Slovenia/ImplementationImpact

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Latest revision as of 20:51, 26 October 2012

Impact of switches

A switch is the basic regulatory element that can maintain a selected state even in the absence of a signal. Introduction of several orthogonal bistable switches allows selection of many different states, e.g. 3 bistable switches allow 8 distinct states while 1000 different states could be reached with only 10 switches.

Each state of our switch is defined by the presence of selected orthogonal activators and repressors than can in principle regulate any number of selected genes through the same activator. Therefore with a relatively small number of designed switches we could drive a very complex epigenetic cell program similarly as it is executed in cell differentiation.

Additionally, switches are the basic building blocks of memory, in analogy to the electronic components. Therefore a set of orthogonal bistable switches can be used to build a biological memory of significantly higher complexity than has been possible up to now.

Scalable biological memory is one of the great challenges of synthetic biology. Memory can be used to design counters, which are extremely useful elements in engineering. Counters have been so far demonstrated to count only up to 3 with no prospects of a significant increase as the number of orthogonal elements used for counting is limited by the availability natural elements, such as recombinases.

We therefore anticipate that designed TAL-based or in general DNA-binding element-based transcriptional factor logic may play a crucial role for the development of synthetic biology.

Next: Modeling >>

@@ Line 358: / Line 358: @@
 		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchDesignedTALregulators'><span>Designed TAL regulators</span></a></li>
 		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchMutualRepressorSwitch'><span>Mutual repressor switch</span></a></li>
-		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch'><table class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Positive feedback loop switch</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+		<li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Positive feedback loop switch</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
-     <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchControls'><table class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Controls</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-81px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+     <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchControls'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TheSwitchControls';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Controls</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-81px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
 	</li>
@@ Line 367: / Line 367: @@
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsEscapeTag'><span>Escape tag</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsTermination'><span>Termination</span></a></li>
-      <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsMicrocapsuleDegradation'><table class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Microcapsule degradation</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+      <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsMicrocapsuleDegradation"><table  onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/SafetyMechanismsMicrocapsuleDegradation';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Microcapsule degradation</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
 	</li>
@@ Line 375: / Line 375: @@
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationHepatitisC'><span>Hepatitis C</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationIschaemicHeartDisease'><span>Ischaemic heart disease</span></a></li>
-      <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationImpact'><table class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Impact</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-86px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+      <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationImpact'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ImplementationImpact';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Impact</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-86px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
@@ Line 383: / Line 383: @@
 	  <ul>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Modeling'><span>Overview</span></a></li>
-      <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPK'><table class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Pharmacokinetics</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+      <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPK'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPK';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Pharmacokinetics</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingMethods'><span>Modeling methods</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingMutualRepressorSwitch'><span>Mutual repressor switch</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingPositiveFeedbackLoopSwitch'><span>Positive feedback loop switch</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingQuantitativeModel'><table class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Experimental model</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingQuantitativeModel'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingQuantitativeModel';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Experimental model</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
-      <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingInteractiveSimulations'><table class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Interactive simulations</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+      <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingInteractiveSimulations'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/ModelingInteractiveSimulations';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Interactive simulations</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-15px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 	  </ul>
 	</li>
@@ Line 399: / Line 399: @@
 	  <ul>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Notebook'><span>Experimental methods</span></a></li>
-      <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLablog'><table class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Lablog</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-90px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+      <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLablog'><table onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLablog';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Lablog</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-90px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/NotebookLabSafety'><span>Lab safety</span></a></li>
 	  </ul>
@@ Line 422: / Line 422: @@
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Team'><span>Team members</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamAttributions'><span>Attributions</span></a></li>
-		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamCollaborations'><table class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Collaborations</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-20px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
+		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamCollaborations'><table  onclick="window.location = 'https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamCollaborations';" class="newtable"><tr class="newtable"><td class="newtable"><span>Collaborations</span></td><td class="newtable"><img style="margin-right:-20px;" width="25px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/e/ee/Svn12_hp_new.png"></img></td></tr></table></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamGallery'><span>Gallery</span></a></li>
 		 <li><a href='https://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/TeamSponsors'><span>Sponsors</span></a></li>
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@@ Line 444: / Line 445: @@
 <h2>Impact of switches</h2>
 <br/>
+<p>A switch is the basic regulatory element that can maintain a selected state even in the absence of a signal. Introduction of several orthogonal bistable switches allows selection of many different states, e.g. <b>3 bistable switches allow 8 distinct states</b> while <b>1000 different states could be reached with only 10 switches. </b> </p>
+<p>Each state of our switch is defined by the presence of selected orthogonal activators and repressors than can in principle regulate any number of selected genes through the same activator. Therefore with a relatively <b>small number of designed switches</b>  we could <b>drive a very complex epigenetic cell program</b>  similarly as it is executed in cell differentiation. </p>
-<p>A switch is the basic regulatory element that can maintain a selected state even in the absence of a signal. Introduction of several orthogonal bistable switches allows selection of many different states, e.g. 3 bistable switches allow 8 distinct states while <b>1000 different states could be reached with only 10 switches</b>.</p>
-<p>Each state of our switch is defined by the presence of selected activators and repressors than can in principle regulate any number of selected genes. Therefore with a relatively small number of designed switches we could <b>drive a very complex epigenetic cell program</b> such as cell differentiation. </p>
-<p>Additionally, switches are the <b>basic building blocks of memory</b>, in analogy to the electronic components. Therefore a set of orthogonal bistable switches can be used to build a biological memory of significantly higher complexity than was possible up to now. </p>
-<p><b>Scalable biological memory is one of the great challenges of synthetic biology.</b> Memory can be used to design counters, which are extremely useful elements that have, so far, been limited to count up to 3 with no prospects of a significant increase using the same underlying tools. </p>
-<p>We therefore anticipate that designed TAL-based or in general <b>DNA-binding element-based transcriptional factor logic will play a very important role in the development of synthetic biology. </b></p>
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+<img  class="invisible" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/c/c8/Svn12_impact_fig1_small.png"/>
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+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Additionally, switches are the <b>basic building blocks of memory</b>, in analogy to the electronic components. Therefore a set of orthogonal bistable switches can be used to <b>build a biological memory</b>  of significantly higher complexity than has been possible up to now. </p>
+<p><b>Scalable biological memory</b>  is one of the <b>great challenges of synthetic biology. </b>  Memory can be used to <b>design counters, </b>  which are extremely useful elements in engineering. Counters have been so far demonstrated to count only up to 3 with no prospects of a significant increase as the number of orthogonal elements used for counting is limited by the availability natural elements, such as recombinases. </p>
+<p>We therefore anticipate that designed TAL-based or in general <b>DNA-binding element-based transcriptional factor logic may play a crucial role for the development of synthetic biology. </b> </p>
+<br/>
 <hr>
 <b>