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| | <h2>Project Description</h2> | | <h2>Project Description</h2> |
| - | <p >Omega-3 fatty acids are an essential part of the human diet <a href=" #reference3"> (reference) </a>. Human beings, and all larger organisms cannot synthesize ω-3 fatty acids as they lack a Δ15 desaturase to create a double bond at the correct location. Certain microrganisms, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, do contain this desaturase and can thus directly synthesize ω-3 fatty acids <a href="#reference1">(Arts et al, 2009)</a>. Their anabolic product can then enter the food chain – algae are eaten by fish, and seafood is the main source of ω-3 for humans <a href="#reference3">(Tonon et al, 2002)</a>. </p> | + | <p class=" lead"> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo convallis mollis. Vivamus vestibulum consequat consectetur. Aenean et dolor lorem, sed laoreet risus. Duis et gravida sapien. Donec sit amet est dignissim sapien condimentum posuere non eu ante.</p> |
| - | <p>However, overfishing is a serious problem in the world’s oceans already, and the human population is estimated to rise to a up to NUMBER <a href="#reference">(reference)</a>. Additionally, global warming will cause a further reduction in the availability of ω-3 <a href="#reference1"> (Arts et al, 2009)</a>: at higher temperatures, microalgae produce less ω-3 desaturated fatty acids. Desaturated carbon chains cause a lower melting temperature in the membrane, which the microorganism wants to avoid by using more saturated fatty acids in their membranes <a href="#reference2"> (Garwin, Cronan, 1980) </a>. Thus, the combination of declining fish stock and a decrease in overall ω-3 fatty acids is making the continuation of supply for human nutrition a relevant issue. </p>
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| - | <p>Harvesting algae directly is costly and ineffective <a href="#reference3"> (Borowitzka, 1997)</a>, so there is much potential in expressing a metabolic pathway for ω-3 fatty acid synthesis in <i>E. coli</i>, which is cheaper and more accessible. </p>
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| - | <b><u>References</u></b>
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| - | <p><a name="reference1">M. Arts, M. Brett, M. Kainz (Eds.), <u>Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems</u>. Springer: 2009.</a></p>
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| - | <p><a name="reference2">J. L. Garwin, J. E. Cronan Jr, <u>Thermal modulation of fatty acid synthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> does not involve de novo enzyme synthesis</u>. J Bacteriol. 1980 March; 141(3): 1457–1459. </a></p>
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| - | <p><a name="reference3">T. Tonon, D. Harvey, T. Larson, I. Graham, <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942202002017"><u><font color="blue">Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid production and partitioning to triacylglycerols in four microalgae.</font></u></a>Phytochemistry, Volume 61, Issue 1, September 2002, Pages 15-24, ISSN 0031-9422, 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00201-7. </a></p>
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| | <section id="Synthesizing metal-binding peptides"> | | <section id="Synthesizing metal-binding peptides"> |
Project Description
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