Team:TU Darmstadt/Protocols/Synthesis of paranitrophenylesters with acyl chlorides in presence of triethylamine

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===Sources===
===Sources===
*[http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009073541&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCT+Biblio: Thermoresponsive arginine-based hydrogels as biologic carriers 11.06.2009]
*[http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009073541&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCT+Biblio: Thermoresponsive arginine-based hydrogels as biologic carriers 11.06.2009]
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==Surface analysis of polyethylene terephthalate with atomic force microscopy (AFM)==
 
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===Theory===
 
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Atomic force microscopy is used to make very precise surface analysis up to nanometer scale. The goal was to indentify differences between different modifications of polyethylene terephthalate and to proof enzymatic degradation by changed surface properties.
 
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===Testing===
 
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=====Experiment 1=====
 
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Pieces of a PET water bottle are melted between two metal plates using a heat gun to create flat samples. They are incubated for 24 h after applying a solution of FsC and Est13. The Samples are washed with distilled water and dried in a cabinet dryer at 60 °C for 1 h. The samples are investigated using AFM. FsC induced surface modification of PET could be observed. There was no surface modification for Est13.
 
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=====Experiment 2=====
 
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Pieces of PET foil are added to solutions of FsC and Est13. In case of Est13 various concentrations are tested (50 mmol/L; 20 mmol/L; 2 mmol/L). After 7 days the samples are washed with distilled water and dried in a cabinet dryer at 60 °C over night. The samples are investigated using AFM. FsC induced surface modification of PET could be observed. There was no surface modification for no concentration of Est13.
 

Revision as of 17:04, 24 September 2012

Contents

Synthesis of paranitrophnylesters with acyl chlorides in presence of triethylamine

Theory

The synthesis of the esters was achieved by combining acyl chlorides with paranitrophenole in presence of triethylamine. Acetone was used as solvent. The reaction takes 2 h at 0°C and inert conditions. Triethylamine is used as base to deprotonate paranitrophenol and to catalyze the attack of phenolate at the acyl chloride. It is dissipated by developing hydrogen chloride.

Preparation

Diparanitrophenyl succinate

In a 250 mL triple-neck round-bottom flask with reflux 6.79 g (48.82 mmol/ 2.01 eq.) paranitrophenole and 5.16 g (51.01 mmol/ 2.10 eq.) triethylamine are dissolved in 100 mL acetone under inert conditions and kept at 0 °C using a water/ice mixture. A solution of 1.70 g (10.07 mmol/ 1.00 eq.) succinyl chloride in 50 mL acetone is added dropwise with stirring 2 h at 0 °C. The resulting ester is precipitated in 400 mL distilled water, recrystallized from ethyl acetate three times and dried at 60 °C in a cabinet dryer over night. The yield is 2.3381 g (26.73 % of the theory).

Paranitrophenyl dihydrocinnamate

In a 100 mL triple-neck round-bottom flask with reflux 1.41 g (10.17 mmol/ 1.01 eq.) paranitrophenole and 1.07 g (10.57 mmol/ 1.05 eq.) triethylamine are dissolved in 50 mL acetone under inert conditions and kept at 0 °C using a water/ice mixture. A solution of 3.76 g (24.29 mmol/ 1.00 eq.) dihydrocinnamoyl chloride in 20 mL acetone is added dropwise with stirring 2 h at 0 °C. The resulting ester is precipitated in 200 mL distilled water, filtrated washed with ice cold acetone, stirred in distilled water for 2 h and dried at 60 °C in a cabinet dryer over night. The yield is 1.0623 g (34.69 % of the theory).

Analysis (1H NMR-spectroscopy)

Diparanitrophenyl succinate

(300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 2.99 (2 H), 7.19-7.25 (2 H), 8.18-8.24 (2 H)

Paranitrophenyl dihydrocinnamate

(300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 2.94-2.97 (2 H), 3.07-3.10 (2 H), 7.18-7.21 (2 H), 7.26-7.35 (5 H), 8.24-8.28 (2 H)

Sources

  • [http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009073541&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCT+Biblio: Thermoresponsive arginine-based hydrogels as biologic carriers 11.06.2009]