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Team:TU Munich/Project/Limonene
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==Idea== | ==Idea== | ||
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Limonene can be produced by (R)-limonene synthase. | Limonene can be produced by (R)-limonene synthase. | ||
| + | * state how we want to indtroduce this biobrick in ''S. cerevisiae'' | ||
| - | + | ==Results== | |
| - | + | ---- | |
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 12:23, 22 September 2012
Contents |
Limonene
Producing the flavoring substance limonene in our beer might result in a fresh, lemon-like taste on the one hand. On the other hand, we might have health beneficial effects like preventive activity against cancer, dissolution of gallstones and relief of heartburn.
- bring this in the form of a motivational statement on why we want to have limonene in our beer.
Background and principles
Limonene is a cyclic terpene and a major constituent of several citrus oils (orange, lemon, mandarin, lime and grapefruit). It is a chiral molecule; citrus fruits contain the (R)-enantiomer. The (R)-enantiomer smells like oranges, while the (S)-enantionmer has a piney, turpentine-like odor. D-Limonene is used as a component of flavorings and fragrances.
Biosynthesis
Limonene is formed from geranyl pyrophosphat by limonene synthase. (R)-limonene synthase 1 consists of 606 aminoacids (sequence shown below, EC=4.2.3.20). (R)-limonene synthase needs magnesium or manganese as cofactor and catalyzes the following reaction: Geranyl pyrophosphate = (+)-(4R)-limonene + diphosphate.
- state that geranyl pyrophosphate is naturally available in the yeast metabolism + reference
The molecular and physiological effects of limonene
It has been shown to inhibit rat mammary and other tumor development (Tsuda et al. 2004). Being an excellent solvent of cholesterol, d-limonene also has been used clinically to dissolve cholesterol-containing gallstones. Because of its gastric acid neutralizing effect and its support of normal peristalsis, it has also been used for relief of heartburn (Sun 2007).
- elaborate a bit more
Idea
Limonene can be produced by (R)-limonene synthase.
- state how we want to indtroduce this biobrick in S. cerevisiae
Results
References
Herrero O, Ramón D, Orejas M: Engineering the Saccharomyces cerevisiae isoprenoid pathway for de novo production of aromatic monoterpenes in wine. Metab Eng 2008 10:78-86.
Lücker J, Tamer M, Schwab W, Verstappen F, Van der Plas L, Bouwmeester H and Verhoeven H: Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus limon) cDNA isolation and functional analysis of four monoterpene synthases. Eur J Biochem 2002 269:3160-3171.
Sun J: D-Limonene: Safety and Clinical Applications. Altern Med Rev 2007 12(3):259-264.
Tsuda H, Ohshim Y, Nomoto H, Fujita K, Matsuda E, Iigo M, Takasuka N, Moore M: Cancer Prevention by Natural Compounds. Drug Metab Pharmacokin 2004 19(4):245-263.
