Team:OUC-China/HumanPractice/Overview

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<ul id="social" class="group">
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<li class="meet"><a href="#"><span>meet</span></a></li>
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<li class="overview"><a href="#"><span></span>overview</a></li>
<li class="sensor"><a href="#"><span></span>sensor</a></li>
<li class="sensor"><a href="#"><span></span>sensor</a></li>
<li class="decision-making"><a href="#"><span></span>decision-making</a></li>
<li class="decision-making"><a href="#"><span></span>decision-making</a></li>
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<h1>Overview</h1>
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<h1>Promoter Engineering</h1>
<h2>Abstract</h2>
<h2>Abstract</h2>
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<p>Is transgenic food safe or not? Is genetic engineering or synthetic biology a horrible weapon? What would the world be if we insist on transgenosis? As only few living things that can change the earth, we, human beings, must think over what we are doing and do human practice.
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<p>Overloading of phosphorus and nitrogen are the most important causes of red tide. So it is necessary to construct
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What is Human Practice? We think, It can be divided into 3 parts. First, let more people have the impression that synthetic biology is not equal to Resident Evil. It’s one of the subdisciplines of biology. In our opinion, as iGEMers, we have the duty to make iGEM and synthetic biology known. So we held many meetings, lectures and camps during the last summer vacation to young kids about iGEM and synthetic biology. Second, learn more about safety of experiments of genetic engineering and pay close attention to safety when do experiments. For this reason, we studied safety on iGEM safety page, searched from the internet and consulted professors. This summer, we contacted qibebt and learned how to regulate a molecular lab. Third, reflect our humanistic sensibilities. Our final goal is to protect environment and make a better future by our hand.  We must do experiments environmentally friendly. Synthetic biology is a subject that can modify gene and change the world. But we are not God, we can’t control others’ life completely. We must respect all the living things on the earth and treat them with respect.</p>
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<a><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/1/19/Ouc-human-practice-oucigemlogo.jpg"/></a>
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<p style="text-align:center;">a picture of something</p>
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<h2>Timeline</h2>
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<p><strong>Nov.2011</strong>: <span></span>Meeting with Peking iGEM Team<br/><br/>
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corresponding sensors able to respond effectively and accurately. Once our design is finished, it could be integrated into
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<p><strong>Nov.2011</strong> : <span></span>A Visit to Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Science<br/><br/>
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our information-processing devices, a comparator or ratio sensor. We have investigated a lot about the endogenous phosphate
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sensor and nitrate sensor in prokaryotes. Even though we successfully screened some candidates for further modification, it
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<p><strong>Dec.2011</strong> : <span></span>Meeting with Researcher Xu Jian in Ouc iGEM Lab<br/><br/>
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is still frustrating that few mechanisms match perfectly with the corresponding phosphate and nitrate concentration when
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red tide probably occurs. So fine-tuning of nitrate and phosphate sensor is somewhat difficult but necessary. Given the
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limited time, we have focused more on the promoter testing platform construction and characterization. Since a variety of
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sensors rely on the two-component system(TCS) to function, we also conceive a whole set of design ideas for TCS
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modifications, thereby enable other teams to fine-tune their sensors to respond desirably.</p>
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<br/>
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<h2>Background</h2>
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<h3>Overview of two-component system</h3>
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<p>To adapt and survive in different microenvironments, bacteria must sense and respond to extracellular signals. The
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adaptive response to environmental stimuli can be transduced by two-component regulatory systems (Gao and Stock, 2009),
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<p><strong>Feb.2012</strong>:<span></span>Winter camp for brain storming<br/><br/>
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which are involved in the regulation of chemotaxis, osmoregulation, metabolism and transport(Mizuno, 1997). A typical TCS
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is comprised of a membrane-bound histidine kinase (HK) and a partner response regulator (RR). Specific environmental
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<p><strong>April.2012</strong>:<span></span>Introduce our project to professors and students in our university.<br/>
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signals lead to activation (autophosphorylation) of the HK, which in turn acts as a phosphoryl donor for activation
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  <sub></sub><span></span>Lecture of iGEM in OUC<br/><br/>
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(autophosphorylation) of the partner RR. Phosphate and nitrate sensors.</p>
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<p><strong>June.2012</strong>:<span></span>Popularization of bioscience with young kids in class<br/><br/>
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<h3>Phosphate sensor----phoBR system</h3>
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<p>the extracellular concentration of phosphate is sensed by the two-component regulatory system PhoBR, in which PhoR
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encodes the HK and PhoB the RR. PhoB, when phosphorylated by PhoR, would form homodimers and bind to the consensus pho-box
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<p><strong>July.2012</strong>:<span></span>Hands-on experience summer camp with Qingdao No.2 High School.<br/>
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sequence involved in the corresponding promoter and activate downstream genes expression. Generally speaking, phoBR system
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            <sub></sub><span></span>Do experiments and make iGEM known in QIBEBT.<br/><br/>
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responds to phosphate limitation, when the extracellular phosphate concentration falls below 4 uM. Though iGEM-2008 team of
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<p><strong>Aug.2012</strong>:<span></span>2th summer camp of life science and technology</p>
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NYMU-Taipei has submitted the information of that part, we couldn’t get it from MIT registry. So we decide to acquire and  
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characterize this part by ourselves.</p>

Revision as of 22:04, 24 September 2012

Promoter Engineering

Abstract

Overloading of phosphorus and nitrogen are the most important causes of red tide. So it is necessary to construct corresponding sensors able to respond effectively and accurately. Once our design is finished, it could be integrated into our information-processing devices, a comparator or ratio sensor. We have investigated a lot about the endogenous phosphate sensor and nitrate sensor in prokaryotes. Even though we successfully screened some candidates for further modification, it is still frustrating that few mechanisms match perfectly with the corresponding phosphate and nitrate concentration when red tide probably occurs. So fine-tuning of nitrate and phosphate sensor is somewhat difficult but necessary. Given the limited time, we have focused more on the promoter testing platform construction and characterization. Since a variety of sensors rely on the two-component system(TCS) to function, we also conceive a whole set of design ideas for TCS modifications, thereby enable other teams to fine-tune their sensors to respond desirably.


Background

Overview of two-component system

To adapt and survive in different microenvironments, bacteria must sense and respond to extracellular signals. The adaptive response to environmental stimuli can be transduced by two-component regulatory systems (Gao and Stock, 2009), which are involved in the regulation of chemotaxis, osmoregulation, metabolism and transport(Mizuno, 1997). A typical TCS is comprised of a membrane-bound histidine kinase (HK) and a partner response regulator (RR). Specific environmental signals lead to activation (autophosphorylation) of the HK, which in turn acts as a phosphoryl donor for activation (autophosphorylation) of the partner RR. Phosphate and nitrate sensors.

Phosphate sensor----phoBR system

the extracellular concentration of phosphate is sensed by the two-component regulatory system PhoBR, in which PhoR encodes the HK and PhoB the RR. PhoB, when phosphorylated by PhoR, would form homodimers and bind to the consensus pho-box sequence involved in the corresponding promoter and activate downstream genes expression. Generally speaking, phoBR system responds to phosphate limitation, when the extracellular phosphate concentration falls below 4 uM. Though iGEM-2008 team of NYMU-Taipei has submitted the information of that part, we couldn’t get it from MIT registry. So we decide to acquire and characterize this part by ourselves.

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