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| {{Team:Edinburgh/css/navigation-structure.css}} | | {{Team:Edinburgh/css/navigation-structure.css}} |
| {{Team:Edinburgh/css/navigation-style.css}} | | {{Team:Edinburgh/css/navigation-style.css}} |
| + | {{Team:Edinburgh/css/safety.css}} |
| | | |
| <html> | | <html> |
| <style type="text/css"> | | <style type="text/css"> |
- | /*Some changes in the header*/
| + | #main-menu ul li#safety-page:hover ul li{ |
- | #safety-page a:hover{ | + | top:-9000px; |
- | cursor: default;
| + | |
- | color: #cad8e5;
| + | |
- | }
| + | |
- | /* safety page middle */
| + | |
- | #page-middle{
| + | |
- | margin-left: auto;
| + | |
- | margin-right: auto;
| + | |
- | background-color: #fff;
| + | |
- | width:1085px;
| + | |
- | }
| + | |
- | #page-navigation ul li ul{
| + | |
- | height:auto;
| + | |
- | }
| + | |
- | #page-navigation ul li ul li{
| + | |
- | top:0px;left:0px; | + | |
- | }
| + | |
- | #page-navigation ul li ul li p{
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- | padding:3px;
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- | padding-left:10px;
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- | }
| + | |
- | #page-navigation span{
| + | |
- | font: normal 12px/16px verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
| + | |
- | }
| + | |
- | #page-content{
| + | |
- | height:1290px;
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- | margin-bottom:10px;
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- | border:1px solid #ccc;
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- | background-color: #fff;
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- | }
| + | |
- | #intro,
| + | |
- | .question,
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- | .answer{
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- | padding-left:20px;
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- | padding-right:20px;
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- | }
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- | #intro{
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- | padding-top:20px;
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- | }
| + | |
- | #intro p{
| + | |
- | font: normal 12px/16px verdana, calibri, tahoma, sans-serif;
| + | |
- | }
| + | |
- | .question{
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- | padding-top:25px;
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- | padding-bottom:10px;
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- | }
| + | |
- | .question a{
| + | |
- | color: #25476c;
| + | |
- | font: bold 16px/20px tahoma, calibri, sans-serif;
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- | text-decoration:none;
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- | }
| + | |
- | #intro,
| + | |
- | .answer{
| + | |
- | text-align:justify;
| + | |
- | font: normal 12px/16px verdana, calibri, tahoma, sans-serif;
| + | |
| } | | } |
| </style> | | </style> |
- |
| |
| <div id="page-middle"> | | <div id="page-middle"> |
| <div id="page-navigation"> | | <div id="page-navigation"> |
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| <li> | | <li> |
| <a href="#question1"> | | <a href="#question1"> |
- | <span> | + | Question 1.<br /> |
- | 1. Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:<br /> | + | |
- | </span>
| + | |
| </a> | | </a> |
| <ul class="sub-navigation"> | | <ul class="sub-navigation"> |
- | <li><p>researcher safety,</p></li> | + | <li><p>Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:</p></li> |
- | <li><p>public safety, or</p></li> | + | <li><p class="indented">researcher safety,</p></li> |
- | <li><p>environmental safety?</p></li> | + | <li><p class="indented">public safety, or</p></li> |
| + | <li><p class="indented">environmental safety?</p></li> |
| </ul></li> | | </ul></li> |
| <li> | | <li> |
| <a href="#question2"> | | <a href="#question2"> |
- | <span> | + | Question 2.<br /> |
- | 2. Do any of the new BioBrick parts (or devices) that you made this year raise any safety issues? If yes,<br /> | + | |
- | </span>
| + | |
| </a> | | </a> |
| <ul class="sub-navigation"> | | <ul class="sub-navigation"> |
- | <li><p>did you document these issues in the Registry?</p></li> | + | <li><p>Do any of the new BioBrick parts (or devices) that you made this year raise any safety issues? If yes,</p></li> |
- | <li><p>how did you manage to handle the safety issue?</p></li> | + | <li><p class="indented">did you document these issues in the Registry?</p></li> |
- | <li><p>How could other teams learn from your experience?</p></li> | + | <li><p class="indented">how did you manage to handle the safety issue?</p></li> |
| + | <li><p class="indented">How could other teams learn from your experience?</p></li> |
| </ul></li> | | </ul></li> |
| <li> | | <li> |
| <a href="#question3"> | | <a href="#question3"> |
- | <span> | + | Question 3.<br /> |
- | 3. Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?<br /> | + | |
- | </span>
| + | |
| </a> | | </a> |
| <ul class="sub-navigation"> | | <ul class="sub-navigation"> |
- | <li><p>If yes, what does your local biosafety group think about your project?</p></li> | + | <li><p>Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?</p></li> |
- | <li><p>If no, which specific biosafety rules or guidelines do you have to consider in your country?</p></li> | + | <li><p class="indented">If yes, what does your local biosafety group think about your project?</p></li> |
| + | <li><p class="indented">If no, which specific biosafety rules or guidelines do you have to consider in your country?</p></li> |
| </ul></li> | | </ul></li> |
| <li> | | <li> |
| <a href="#question4"> | | <a href="#question4"> |
- | <span> | + | Question 4.<br /> |
- | 4. Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions? How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?<br />
| + | <ul class="sub-navigation"> |
- | </span>
| + | <li><p>Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions? How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?</p></li> |
| + | </ul> |
| </a> | | </a> |
| </li> | | </li> |
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| </div><!-- /page-navigation --> | | </div><!-- /page-navigation --> |
| <div id="page-content"> | | <div id="page-content"> |
- | <div id="intro"> | + | <div class="text"> |
- | <p> This page contains EdiGEM's answers to the <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Safety">Safety Questions</a>. | + | <p class="normal-text"> |
- | </div>
| + | This page contains EdiGEM's answers to the <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Safety">Safety Questions</a>. |
- | <div id="questions-and-answers">
| + | </p> |
- | <div id="Q1"> | + | <p class="h2"> |
- | <p class="question"><a name="question1">
| + | <a name="question1">1. Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of: researcher safety, public safety, or environmental safety? </a> |
- | 1. Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of: researcher safety, public safety, or environmental safety?
| + | </p> |
- | </a></p>
| + | <p class="normal-text"> |
- | <p class="answer">
| + | |
| <b>Researcher safety:</b> | | <b>Researcher safety:</b> |
| Escherichia coli JM109 is a widely used host strain with disabling mutations which is incapable of colonizing the human intestine, its natural habitat. The same is true of other similar E. coli strains which may be used. Citrobacter freundii is a close relative of E. coli which is not normally associated with human disease in healthy subjects, and is ACDP1 (unlike wild strains of E. coli, which are ACDP2). (Note: like many bacteria capable of growing at human body temperature, some strains of C. freundii are capable of infecting compromised hosts under unusual circumstances). All the organisms (E. coli, disabled and wild type strains, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Citrobacter freundii) we work with are ADCP1 organisms. | | Escherichia coli JM109 is a widely used host strain with disabling mutations which is incapable of colonizing the human intestine, its natural habitat. The same is true of other similar E. coli strains which may be used. Citrobacter freundii is a close relative of E. coli which is not normally associated with human disease in healthy subjects, and is ACDP1 (unlike wild strains of E. coli, which are ACDP2). (Note: like many bacteria capable of growing at human body temperature, some strains of C. freundii are capable of infecting compromised hosts under unusual circumstances). All the organisms (E. coli, disabled and wild type strains, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Citrobacter freundii) we work with are ADCP1 organisms. |
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| <br /><br /> | | <br /><br /> |
| <b>Conclusion:</b> Resulting genetically modified microorganisms should pose no greater risk to human health than the host strains. | | <b>Conclusion:</b> Resulting genetically modified microorganisms should pose no greater risk to human health than the host strains. |
- | </p>
| + | </p> |
- | </div><!-- /Q1 --> | + | <p class="h2"> |
- | <div id="Q2">
| + | <a name="question2">2. Do any of the new BioBrick parts (or devices) that you made this year raise any safety issues? If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry? How did you manage to handle the safety issue? How could other teams learn from your experience?</a> |
- | <p class="question"><a name="question2">
| + | </p> |
- | 2. Do any of the new BioBrick parts (or devices) that you made this year raise any safety issues? If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry? How did you manage to handle the safety issue? How could other teams learn from your experience?
| + | <p class="normal-text"> |
- | </a></p>
| + | |
- | <p class="answer">
| + | |
| We are working on the non-antibiotic selectable and counter-selectable markers including Sucrose hydrolase, dhlA,dhlB and nitroreductase, and creating bioelectric interface with NapC, cymA, ccm, mtrcAB. | | We are working on the non-antibiotic selectable and counter-selectable markers including Sucrose hydrolase, dhlA,dhlB and nitroreductase, and creating bioelectric interface with NapC, cymA, ccm, mtrcAB. |
| <br /><br /> | | <br /><br /> |
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| The rest of the genes do not present any safety issues. | | The rest of the genes do not present any safety issues. |
| NapC and cymA are used in the electron transport of E.coli JM109 and Shewanella respectively as part of the nitrate reduction pathway. The ccm gene cluster is involved in cytochrome c maturation. mtrCAB is a cytochrome c electron export system. Nitroreductase is involved in reduction of nitrogen containing molecules. | | NapC and cymA are used in the electron transport of E.coli JM109 and Shewanella respectively as part of the nitrate reduction pathway. The ccm gene cluster is involved in cytochrome c maturation. mtrCAB is a cytochrome c electron export system. Nitroreductase is involved in reduction of nitrogen containing molecules. |
- | </p>
| + | </p> |
- | </div><!-- /Q2 --> | + | <p class="h2"> |
- | <div id="Q3">
| + | <a name="question3">3. Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution? If yes, what does your local biosafety group think about your project? If no, which specific biosafety rules or guidelines do you have to consider in your country?</a> |
- | <p class="question"><a name="question3">
| + | </p> |
- | 3. Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution? If yes, what does your local biosafety group think about your project? If no, which specific biosafety rules or guidelines do you have to consider in your country?
| + | <p class="normal-text"> |
- | </a></p>
| + | |
- | <p class="answer">
| + | |
| Yes, we have a Health and Safety board within the University of Edinburgh School of Biological Sciences. We have submitted a risk assessment form called ‘Genetically modified organisms (contained use) regulations 2000 - <a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/5/5d/SBS_1209_iGEM_GMRA_CFrench_approved-Aug12.pdf">RISK ASSESSMENT FORM FOR ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE USE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICRO-ORGANISMS AND EUKARYOTIC CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE SYSTEMS’</a> and this has been approved by the board. | | Yes, we have a Health and Safety board within the University of Edinburgh School of Biological Sciences. We have submitted a risk assessment form called ‘Genetically modified organisms (contained use) regulations 2000 - <a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/5/5d/SBS_1209_iGEM_GMRA_CFrench_approved-Aug12.pdf">RISK ASSESSMENT FORM FOR ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE USE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICRO-ORGANISMS AND EUKARYOTIC CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE SYSTEMS’</a> and this has been approved by the board. |
- | </p>
| + | </p> |
- | </div><!-- /Q3 --> | + | <p class="h2"> |
- | <div id="Q4">
| + | <a name="question4">4. Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions? How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?</a> |
- | <p class="question"><a name="question4">
| + | </p> |
- | 4. Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions? How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?
| + | <p class="normal-text"> |
- | </a></p>
| + | |
- | <p class="answer">
| + | |
| Citrobacter could be made less pathogenic by mutating out the cephalosporinase (beta lactamase) gene that confers it ampicillin resistance. Most gram negative bacteria have this gene so it may offer some advantage to the organisms other than just antibiotic resistance. This way, if such a mutant strain were to be released into the environment, it might be less able to survive than the wild-type and if it were to somehow cause an infection, it would be easier to treat as ampicillin could be an effective antibiotic. | | Citrobacter could be made less pathogenic by mutating out the cephalosporinase (beta lactamase) gene that confers it ampicillin resistance. Most gram negative bacteria have this gene so it may offer some advantage to the organisms other than just antibiotic resistance. This way, if such a mutant strain were to be released into the environment, it might be less able to survive than the wild-type and if it were to somehow cause an infection, it would be easier to treat as ampicillin could be an effective antibiotic. |
| <br /><br /> | | <br /><br /> |
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| <br /><br /> | | <br /><br /> |
| Microbial fuel cells often use redox-active small molecules as mediators that carry the electrons from the organisms in the fuel cell to the electrode. These mediators are often toxic and/or expensive, so developing a mediatorless fuel cell system could be advantageous for the researchers and to the environment in several ways. | | Microbial fuel cells often use redox-active small molecules as mediators that carry the electrons from the organisms in the fuel cell to the electrode. These mediators are often toxic and/or expensive, so developing a mediatorless fuel cell system could be advantageous for the researchers and to the environment in several ways. |
- | </p>
| + | </p> |
- | </div><!-- /Q4 -->
| + | </div><!-- /text --> |
- | </div><!-- /questions-and-answers --> | + | |
| </div><!-- /page-content --> | | </div><!-- /page-content --> |
| </div><!-- /page-middle --> | | </div><!-- /page-middle --> |
| </html> | | </html> |