Team:SDU-Denmark

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<font color="FF6600" ><b>igem.sdu.2012@gmail.com</b></font>
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<h2>Novel approach to carbohydrate intake restriction using bacterial machines as sucrose converters</h2>
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<h1>Sucrose Limitation and Inulin Metabolism</h1>
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<h2> Abstract</h2>
<p>  
<p>  
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The modern diet is rich in carbohydrates and though increasing awareness about the health problems related, obesity is still the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden of disease worldwide and therefore a large burden on society. For reasons unknown, risks like cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and different types of cancers, that all can be related to obesity, do not seem to motivate a healthy diet in modern society.
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Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory response, which among other things, is triggered by bacterial plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS).  A high-energy diet, increases the amount of LPS-producing gut microbiota, and increased LPS levels has been observed in obese individuals. By inducing changes in the gut microbiota by prebiotics, like inulin, it is possible to decrease the plasma LPS level. This is associated with the stimulation of bifidobacterial growth. We have designed a novel approach to address this issue of plasma LPS, by probioticly induce changes in the gut flora by genetically modifying a bacteria to produce plant originated inulin. We cloned the two genes encoding sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase (SST) and fructan:fructan fructosyltransferase (FFT) from the Jerusalem artichoke into a E. coli, where it will produce inulin by using sucrose as an acceptor molecules. In the future this construct should be introduced by a probiotic lactobacillus, into the gut.
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</p>
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In our project we approach this problem from a new angle. Instead of changing the diet, we take a look at the mechanisms that regulate carbohydrate uptake from our daily diet. We will focus on conversion of sugars into fibers, namely inulin, that the human body is unable to digest. Apart from being indigestible inulin possesses interesting properties as a prebiotic. Inulin affect the gut microbiota by promoting ”helpful” bacteria, like bifidobacteria. Intake of short-chain inulin has been proven to lead to a significant decrease in food intake, body weight gain and fat mass development in rodents.
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<center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/6/6f/IGEM_033.gif" width="100%" /></center>
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The ultimate goal of the project will be to construct a probiotic microorganism, capable of producing inulin fibers and able to survive in the human gut for short periods of time. We will clone the genes coding for the plant enzymes Fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT) and sucrose sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) that together make up the synthesis pathway of plant inulin in Helianthus tuberosus (degree of polymerization: 30-150) or a bacterial version of inulin synthase, possibly from Lactobacillus Reuteri (degree of polymerization: 20-10.000). Furthermore, we will look into other mechanisms that could regulate sugar uptake, like adding a cellulose synthase to our construct as well. Which would further increase the beneficial factor of the microorganism, by removing larger amounts of sugar from the diet, and contributing cellulose to the intestine which among other things, have a preventive effect on the development of colon cancer.  
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<h2>The story</h2>
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<p>
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<i>The team consists entirely of undergraduates and we started out with almost no experience in lab – Most of our supervisors were on vacation for the first part of our lab time, so we started from square one.<br/><br/>
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We have chosen to focus on the outreach and documentation section. Therefore, we have loads of videos, interviews and photos. <br/><br/>
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Research includes many more aspects than most people expect. The wet lab is extremely important, but many teams miss an important part of what iGEM is also about - spreading the message.
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We, at SDU, see ourselves as pioneers in the field of Human Practices. It is a theme of great concern for the SDU iGEM Team. Therefore we have decided to make a big effort in many different areas. <br/>
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We've gained a lot of PR coverage, had extensive outreach, made cooperation across Germany, Scandinavia and Canada amongst others. Furthermore, we have processed philosophical thoughts about our role in society as researchers. As a novelty, in iGEM auspices, we have included marketing and law, into our project as a focal point for our project.</i></p>
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<h2>Not a Scientist? Here we Present the Translated Version of our Abstract</h2>
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<p>
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Obesity and its related disorders are a worldwide problem that fx costs america billions of dollars each year.
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Literature suggests that a high-energy diet is the reason for obesity, not only because the body is unable to use all the energy, but in fact because the “bad” bacteria in your gut feeds on it.
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The jerusalem artichoke produces a sugar fiber called inulin, which apart from being non-digestible to humans, helps the good bacteria in the gut to grow and is beneficial in the prevention of colon cancer.
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From this information we decided to produce a beneficial (probiotic) bacteria that can convert table sugar (sucrose) into this inulin fiber. If we are successful in introducing this bacteria to the human gut, we can apply many beneficial aspects relating to obesity, such as decreased hunger, fat mass, body weight, inflammations and increased satisfaction from eating.
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<p>
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<h1>Featured video</h1>
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<p>This <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/collaboration/podcast">short documentary</a> is all about the ethical aspects of dealing and working with genetically modified organisms(GMO) </p>
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<iframe width="680" height="383" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/f7QzTsBmq4Y" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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<p>
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Watch more videos in our <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Media/videogallery">video gallery<a/>
</p>
</p>
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<p>(Another positive aspect of the inulin production is that the bacteria should use a lot of the sugar we eat and convert it into the non-digestible fiber, hence lowering the energy we get from eating sucrose. Since sucrose consists of a fructose and glucose unit, there will be one glucose unit leftover for every added monomer of fructose to the inulin polymer. These glucose units could then be used as an added bonus to produce Cellulose, so that we could get additional fibers in our diet and get rid of the glucose.)
 
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Latest revision as of 22:11, 8 October 2012

iGEM TEAM ::: SDU-DENMARK courtesy of NIAID

Sucrose Limitation and Inulin Metabolism

Abstract

Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory response, which among other things, is triggered by bacterial plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A high-energy diet, increases the amount of LPS-producing gut microbiota, and increased LPS levels has been observed in obese individuals. By inducing changes in the gut microbiota by prebiotics, like inulin, it is possible to decrease the plasma LPS level. This is associated with the stimulation of bifidobacterial growth. We have designed a novel approach to address this issue of plasma LPS, by probioticly induce changes in the gut flora by genetically modifying a bacteria to produce plant originated inulin. We cloned the two genes encoding sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase (SST) and fructan:fructan fructosyltransferase (FFT) from the Jerusalem artichoke into a E. coli, where it will produce inulin by using sucrose as an acceptor molecules. In the future this construct should be introduced by a probiotic lactobacillus, into the gut.



The story

The team consists entirely of undergraduates and we started out with almost no experience in lab – Most of our supervisors were on vacation for the first part of our lab time, so we started from square one.

We have chosen to focus on the outreach and documentation section. Therefore, we have loads of videos, interviews and photos.

Research includes many more aspects than most people expect. The wet lab is extremely important, but many teams miss an important part of what iGEM is also about - spreading the message. We, at SDU, see ourselves as pioneers in the field of Human Practices. It is a theme of great concern for the SDU iGEM Team. Therefore we have decided to make a big effort in many different areas.
We've gained a lot of PR coverage, had extensive outreach, made cooperation across Germany, Scandinavia and Canada amongst others. Furthermore, we have processed philosophical thoughts about our role in society as researchers. As a novelty, in iGEM auspices, we have included marketing and law, into our project as a focal point for our project.



Not a Scientist? Here we Present the Translated Version of our Abstract

Obesity and its related disorders are a worldwide problem that fx costs america billions of dollars each year. Literature suggests that a high-energy diet is the reason for obesity, not only because the body is unable to use all the energy, but in fact because the “bad” bacteria in your gut feeds on it. The jerusalem artichoke produces a sugar fiber called inulin, which apart from being non-digestible to humans, helps the good bacteria in the gut to grow and is beneficial in the prevention of colon cancer. From this information we decided to produce a beneficial (probiotic) bacteria that can convert table sugar (sucrose) into this inulin fiber. If we are successful in introducing this bacteria to the human gut, we can apply many beneficial aspects relating to obesity, such as decreased hunger, fat mass, body weight, inflammations and increased satisfaction from eating.

Featured video

This short documentary is all about the ethical aspects of dealing and working with genetically modified organisms(GMO)

Watch more videos in our video gallery

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