http://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&feed=atom&limit=50&target=MChowdhury&year=&month=
2012.igem.org - User contributions [en]
2024-03-28T14:06:53Z
From 2012.igem.org
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http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach
2012-10-04T03:39:15Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m2')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Team</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team">Biographies</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators">Facilitators</a><br />
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<a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012">Official Profile</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Data_and_Conclusions">Data and Conclusions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Future_Directions">Future Directions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References">References</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m4')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Parts</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">Parts Submitted</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_2">Genetics</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach">Outreach</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety">Safety</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m8')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Sponsors</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
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<li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Main_Page" onmouseover="mopen('m9')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">iGEM</a><br />
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<br />
= Outreach =<br />
[[File:Maker7.gif|600px|thumb|center|Our table at Maker Faire NYC 2012]]<br />
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<h2><br />
Check out Maker Faire's <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://blog.makezine.com/2012/09/20/using-microbes-to-etch-pcbs/">Makezine blog</a> about our project! </p><br />
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[[File:penny.jpg|100px|thumb|left|Normal Penny]][[File:Etched Penny.jpg|100px|thumb|left|A Penny Etched by Ferrooxidans]][[File:Source Cells.jpg|115px|thumb|right|Our Source Cells]] [[File:Electroporation.jpg|115px|thumb|right|Our Electroporation Game]] <br />
This year Columbia- Cooper iGEM hosted a table at the 2012 Maker Faire in New York City. Our table featured posters explaining both the genetic and chemical aspects of out project, games to teach children about recombinant DNA and bacterial transformation as well as pennies etched by our A. Ferrooxidans with the letter "C" to represent each of our schools as well as the chemical symbol for copper.<br />
<br />
Each of our games contained plastic spheres which represented cells and a strip of blue, yellow and orange DNA. We explained to the kids that we took DNA out of our source cells, cut out the parts we wanted and put them back together in a new combination. Now we need the kids help to put our new DNA into a cell so it can be used. In the conjugation game the 2 cells were connected by a plastic tube and the goal was to move the DNA from one cell to the other. In the electroporation game the kids used a wand with a magnet on the end to slide the recombinant DNA through one of the large pores into our cell. As the kids worked on the game we had a chance to explain to their parents that in the lab we do this by shocking the cells with 1800 volts. Finally our chemical transformation game involved throwing the DNA into our competent cells. In order to help keep the DNA in the cell rather than sliding right out we attached a small magnet to the bottom on the DNA and put a piece of metal between the cell and the base.<br />
[[File:Chemical Transfomration.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Our Chemical Transformation Game]][[File:conjugation.jpg|150px|thumb|center|Our Conjugation Game]]<br />
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[[File:Maker2.gif|225px|left| ]] [[File:Maker3.gif|225px|center| ]]<br />
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<center>Thank you to everyone who stopped by our booth! Our team appreciated the opportunity to share the work we've done as well as everyone who wished us luck over the next few weeks as we complete our project.</center></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements
2012-10-04T03:30:56Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team">Biographies</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Universities">The University(s)</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Future_Directions">Future Directions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References">References</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">Parts Submitted</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_2">Genetics</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety">Safety</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
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<br />
= Acknowledgements =<br />
<br />
Adam Cerini: Copper team, research, Maker Faire<br />
<br />
Marjana Chowdhury: Wiki team co-captain, Copper team<br />
<br />
Ciera Lowe: Genetics team, Maker Faire captain, Wiki team<br />
<br />
Anna Mai: Copper team, Maker Faire<br />
<br />
Yuta Makita: Wiki team co-captain, Genetics team<br />
<br />
Nicholas Mannarino: Genetics team<br />
<br />
Aakash Mansukhani: Copper team<br />
<br />
Joeseph Mercedes: Copper team<br />
<br />
Steven Neuhaus: Genetics team co-captain, research, Wiki team<br />
<br />
Kirsten Nicassio: Genetics team co-captain, research, Wiki team<br />
<br />
Udochukwu (Ud) Okorafor: Copper team, Wiki team, Maker Faire<br />
<br />
Saimon Sharif: Genetics team co-captain, research, leeazon<br />
<br />
Richard Shi: Copper team<br />
<br />
Jeffery Xu: Copper team<br />
<br />
Vincent Xu: Copper team captain, Wiki team, Maker Faire<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A special thanks to the following iGEM teams and people:<br />
*Dr. Scott Banta for over seeing our project, providing invaluable advice and allowing us to work in his lab at Columbia<br />
*Dr. David Orbach for over seeing our project, consistently generating new ideas or approaches to our goal and allowing us to work in the Kanbar lab at Cooper<br />
*Dionne Lutz for walking the genetic team through countless protocols, supervising our work in the Kanbar lab, helping organize our Maker Faire table and providing much needed motivation and optimism throughout the many failures we faced<br />
*Sudipta Majumdar for helping us construct plasmids and patiently teaching us new protocols<br />
*Kevin Dooley for help with expression experiments, providing us with a GFP gene and identifying and removing cut sights within our biobrick and answering questions as we became acquainted with Dr. Banta's lab<br />
*Tushar Patel for providing us with a GFP gene and answering questions as we became acquainted with Dr. Banta's lab<br />
*Jason Candreva for being extremely patient with us, teaching us various transformation protocols with ecoli and ferrooxidans and answering every question we threw at him<br />
* iGEM Team Uppsala University for sending us the following parts: BBa_K592004, BBa_K592005, BBa_K592006, BBa_K592009, BBa_K592010, and BBa_K592016<br />
* iGEM Team ETH Zurich for sending us E. coli codon-optimized Pif3 and PhyB<br />
* Dr. Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel for her advice and for sending plasmids pASK-fphAN753s and pTDho1</div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor Us
2012-10-04T03:30:36Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Sponsor_Letter.png|970px]]</div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety
2012-10-04T03:30:15Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
=='''Safety''' ==<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align:left;"><br />
<h2>Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:</h2><br />
<br />
<h3>Researcher Safety?</h3><br />
<br />
<p> To make liquid or solid media for Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans, around 1 mL of sulfuric acid is required per batch of media to bring the pH down such that the bacteria can survive. The safety of individuals is greatly minimized with the use of nitrile gloves and safety goggles as well as following lab dress code (shoes that entirely cover the feet and long pants) when dealing with the acid. </p><br />
<br />
<h3>Public Safety?</h3><br />
<br />
<p> Since the liquid media is disposed in labeled waste containers and the solid media in hazardous waste bins, they should not be released to the public. If they are accidentally released, there should not be any public safety issues because the pH of liquid media is around 1.8 and the pH of solid media is around 2.4 (these pH values are around the range of vinegar and orange juice). Also, Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans are classified as BSL 1 and are not known to cause any disease in healthy adults. </p> <br />
<br />
<h3>Environmental Safety?</h3><br />
<br />
<p> Since the media and bacteria are disposed in waste containers and waste bins, they should not be released to the environment. But if they are accidentally released, the impact to the environment is minimal because the pH of the media are in the range of common liquids such as vinegar and orange juice. Also, Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans can only survive at low pH (about 1.8 - 4.0). Thus, they will degrade if released to the environment since the pH of water is higher. </p><br />
<br />
<h2>Do any of the new BioBrick parts (or devices) that you made this year raise any safety<br />
issues? </h2><br />
<br />
<p> None of the parts or devices that we have used during our project will raise any known safety issues. </p><br />
<br />
<h2>Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?</h2><br />
<br />
<p>The Chemical Engineering Department of Columbia University has an Advisory Board consisting of experts in biosafety, biosecurity, and genetic engineering who hold positions in academia, industry and government. They serve as our Institutional Biosafety Committee. The portions of the project to be carried out at Genspace are strictly BioBrick construction and the construction of plasmids containing metal-binding peptides and other non-pathogenic sequences. This is within the project parameters recommended by our Advisory Board.</p><br />
<br />
<p>[http://genspace.org/page/Advisory%20Board Advisory Board Members]</p><br />
<br />
<p>[https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/25/Interim_Safety_Rules.pdf Interim Lab Safety Rules]</p><br />
<br />
<p>Cooper Union does not have an Institutional Biosafety Committee, but the project has been reviewed by David Wootton, Ph.D., Director of The Maurice Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering and is being supervised by Jody Grapes, Campus-Wide Safety Officer for Cooper Union.</p><br />
<br />
<p>Students participating in this project received safety training (general/chemical/biological) either at Columbia University or Cooper Union prior to beginning the project. The safety training consisted of a presentation covering the various aspects of safety found in molecular biology laboratories; i.e. proper microbiological techniques, safe disposal of recombinant organisms, etc. Upon completion of the presentation, students were shown the location of all safety equipment i.e. eye wash stations, first aid kits, fire extinguishers and safety exits. Students were also supervised by iGEM instructors at Columbia University or Cooper Union throughout the duration of the project.</p><br />
<br />
<p>Laboratory Safety Guide [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1WwrEhIL_cLkcRdZy_loovlCESdAL6CkL606PaGwvL5c/edit#slide=id.p61]</p><br />
<br />
<h2>Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions? How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?</h2><br />
<br />
<p> Manufacturing processes can be more environmentally friendly by using bacteria, like Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans, to manufacture computer technology, such as printed circuit boards, because the current manufacturing processes rely heavily on acids to do the etching on the boards. By switching to bacteria, only a small amount of acid is needed and the acid is used to keep the bacteria alive. The bacteria will accelerate the production of ferric ions and the ferric ions will react with pure copper to solubilize it. In this way, the bacteria is the primarily responsible for an etched PCB and not acid. </p><br />
<br />
<p> The Rio Tinto is a river in Southwest Spain and there is a site along the river that was subjected to mining for copper, silver, and other minerals using acids such as sulfuric acid. This lowered the pH of the river significantly to about 1.7-2.5. Coincidentally, Acidithobacillus Ferrooxidans are found in mines and survive at such low pH. Thus, they live in the river and convert ferrous ions to ferric ions, giving the river a red color that is present to this day. By genetically engineering a kill-switch in the bacteria when subjected to a certain color light, the bacteria can sefl-destruct and not continue to pollute the river. </p></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach
2012-10-04T03:29:48Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<div id="m4" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
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<div id="m5" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
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<div id="m6" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach">Outreach</a><br />
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<div id="m7" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
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<div id="m8" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
</div><br />
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= Outreach =<br />
[[File:Maker7.gif|600px|thumb|center|Our table at Maker Faire NYC 2012]]<br />
<br />
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<h2><br />
Check out Maker Faire's <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://blog.makezine.com/2012/09/20/using-microbes-to-etch-pcbs/">Makezine blog</a> on our project! </p><br />
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<br />
[[File:penny.jpg|100px|thumb|left|Normal Penny]][[File:Etched Penny.jpg|100px|thumb|left|A Penny Etched by Ferrooxidans]][[File:Source Cells.jpg|115px|thumb|right|Our Source Cells]] [[File:Electroporation.jpg|115px|thumb|right|Our Electroporation Game]] <br />
This year Columbia- Cooper iGEM hosted a table at the 2012 Maker Faire in New York City. Our table featured posters explaining both the genetic and chemical aspects of out project, games to teach children about recombinant DNA and bacterial transformation as well as pennies etched by our A. Ferrooxidans with the letter "C" to represent each of our schools as well as the chemical symbol for copper.<br />
<br />
Each of our games contained plastic spheres which represented cells and a strip of blue, yellow and orange DNA. We explained to the kids that we took DNA out of our source cells, cut out the parts we wanted and put them back together in a new combination. Now we need the kids help to put our new DNA into a cell so it can be used. In the conjugation game the 2 cells were connected by a plastic tube and the goal was to move the DNA from one cell to the other. In the electroporation game the kids used a wand with a magnet on the end to slide the recombinant DNA through one of the large pores into our cell. As the kids worked on the game we had a chance to explain to their parents that in the lab we do this by shocking the cells with 1800 volts. Finally our chemical transformation game involved throwing the DNA into our competent cells. In order to help keep the DNA in the cell rather than sliding right out we attached a small magnet to the bottom on the DNA and put a piece of metal between the cell and the base.<br />
[[File:Chemical Transfomration.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Our Chemical Transformation Game]][[File:conjugation.jpg|150px|thumb|center|Our Conjugation Game]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Maker2.gif|225px|left| ]] [[File:Maker3.gif|225px|center| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>Thank you to everyone who stopped by our booth! Our team appreciated the opportunity to share the work we've done as well as everyone who wished us luck over the next few weeks as we complete our project.</center></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols
2012-10-04T03:29:28Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/OD Measurement|Optical Density Measurement]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Making Liquid Media|Liquid Media Protocol]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Making Solid Media|Solid Media Protocol]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Chemical Transformation|Bioline-Chemical Transformation/Heat Shock]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Gel Electrophoresis Setup|Gel Electrophoresis]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Primers|Primer]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Rehydration|iGEM Biobrick Rehydration Protocol]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Miniprep|Plasmid Isolation Protocol]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Electroporation|Electroporation Protocol]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Plates|Creating Plates]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Digestion|3A Assembly Protocol-Digestion]]<br />
<br />
[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Ligation|3A Assembly Protocol-Ligation]]</div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia notebook 1
2012-10-04T03:29:09Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
<hr />
<div> __NOTOC__<br />
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<!--- The Mission, Experiments ---><br />
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= Columbia Copper Experiment Notebook =<br />
<br />
== June ==<br />
=== June 22- June 25=== <br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<H4>June 22</H4><br />
* Met with Jason, who showed us how to make A. ferrooxidans liquid media, prepared Copper 1 and 2 samples (with and without bacteria) and placed on shaker. Will be periodically checked until June 25 twice a day for activity.<br />
* Showed us recipe for solid media, and made enough for two samples, 20 mL (one control with no bacteria). Copper samples were submerged in agarose (see Steven’s pictures). Also learned protocols listed below.<br />
<br />
Starting Sample masses includes: Copper 1: (liquid media only) Sample 1: 0.0092g, Sample 2: 0.0107g and Copper 2:(liquid media only): Sample 1: 0.1318g, Sample 2: 0.1286g. For Copper 2: (solid media) the masses for sample 1 was 0.1272g and mass for sample 2 was 0.1282g.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Liquid media and flasks were placed in shaker at 11:35 am, 225 rpm, 30C.<br />
Solid media and petri dishes were placed in incubator at 12:42 pm, 30C.<br />
<H4>June 23</H4><br />
* Checked the progress of all copper samples that included Copper 2 samples in solid media with and without bacteria, Copper 1 and 2 samples in liquid media each containing two samples of with and without bacteria.<br />
* Observations were made for all samples. Optical density was measured for all of the samples submerged in liquid basal AFM low pH solution. Mass was weighed only copper 2 in liquid media with and without bacteria.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''Solid Media Samples:'''</center><br />
<center>'''Copper 2- Sample 1 (fully submerged, without bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: Solid media mostly clear except for the outer edges of the Copper which appeared to be a light golden yellow color (note picture below). Copper turned to a dark brown color. No observable size change to the copper.<br />
<br />
<center>'''Copper 2- Sample 2 (half submerged, with bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: Solid media turned from clear to a light golden yellow color (similar to that of the outer edges of the Copper from sample 1 mentioned above). Copper turned to a dark brown color. No observable size change to the copper.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''Liquid Media Samples:'''</center><br />
<center>'''Copper 1- Sample 1 (with bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: Noticeable 7+ small pieces of copper sample within liquid media (note picture below). Conclude to not take mass for this sample.<br />
* Cuvette reading2: 0.003 A<br />
* Current mass: N/A, Previous mass: 0.0092g, Initial mass: 0.0092g<br />
* % Mass Lost: N/A<br />
<br />
<center>'''Copper 1- Sample 2 (without bateria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: No significant copper pieces visible in liquid media (note picture). Conclude to not take mass for this sample.<br />
* Cuvette reading: 0.004 A<br />
* Current mass reading: N/A, Previous mass: 0.0107g, Initial mass: 0.0107g<br />
* % Mass lost: N/A<br />
<br />
<center>'''Copper 2- Sample 1 (with bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: No observable change (see photo below).<br />
* Cuvette reading: .004A<br />
* Current mass: 0.1063g, Previous mass: 0.1318g, Initial mass: 0.1318g<br />
* % Mass Lost: 19.35%<br />
<br />
<center>'''Copper 2- Sample 2 (without bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: No observable change to copper (see picture below).<br />
* Cuvette reading: 0.040 A**<br />
* Cuvette reading: 0.018 A***<br />
* Current mass reading: 0.0953g, Previous mass: 0.1286g, Initial mass: 0.1286g* <br />
* % Mass lost: 25.89%<br />
<H4>June 24</H4><br />
* Took out all four samples for standard check of OD and mass of copper 2 samples. Solid media was also examined. All samples (liquid and solid) were photographed. <br />
* No visible copper 1 samples present in either sample (see Observations)<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''Solid Media Samples:'''</center><br />
<center>'''Copper 2- Sample 1 (fully submerged, without bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: A tint of green color on copper surface, the immediate radius of the copper has brown color, outside of the previously mentioned radius is a yellow tinge to the solid media. The rest of the solid media was clear. No observable size change.<br />
<br />
<center>'''Copper 2- Sample 2 (half submerged, with bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: A darker more present shade of green on copper, compared to that of sample 1 mentioned above. Outer edges of the copper appeared black. Media was a uniformed amber color. No observable size change.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''Liquid Media Samples:'''</center><br />
<center>'''Copper 1- Sample 1 (with bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: Liquid media copper brown, that may include ions that are not copper. No visible copper pieces, and conclude to not take mass for this sample. During procedure, centrifuged for another 1 minute to original 2 minutes at sane speed (due to the lack of expected visible pellets of some kind*)<br />
* Cuvette reading1: 0.025 A <br />
* Current mass: N/A, Previous mass: N/A, Initial mass: 0.0092g<br />
* % Mass Lost: N/A<br />
<br />
<center>'''Copper 1- Sample 2 (without bateria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: Slight light green color to the media, and media appeared slightly cloudy. No significant copper pieces visible in liquid media. Conclude to not take mass for this sample.<br />
* Cuvette reading: 0.033 A<br />
* Current mass reading: N/A, Previous mass: N/A, Initial mass: 0.0107g<br />
* % Mass lost: N/A<br />
<br />
<center>'''Copper 2- Sample 1 (with bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: Visible brown copper color to liquid media. Pellets formed when the media was centrifuged. Many fluctuations in mass was seen, possible sources of error maybe water droplets or cleanness of the tweezers.<br />
* Cuvette reading: .667A<br />
* Current mass 1: 0.0550g, Current mass 2: 0.0388g, Current mass 3: 0.0285g<br />
* Previous mass: 0.1063g, Initial mass: 0.1318g<br />
* % Mass Lost 1: 48.26%, % Mass Lost 2: 63.50%, % Mass Lost 3: 73.19%<br />
<br />
<center>'''Copper 2- Sample 2 (without bacteria)'''</center><br />
* Observations: Copper is visible in faint blue-green liquid media. No observable change to copper. Observable pellets after centrifuging (Unknown origin). Note the varied measurements in the masses, although not of a significant drop as in Copper 2 liquid media sample 1.<br />
* Cuvette reading: 0.040 A<br />
* Current mass reading1: 0.0907g, Current mass reading2: .0842g<br />
* Previous mass: 0.0953g, Initial mass: 0.1286g<br />
* % Mass lost 1: 4.83%, % Mass lost 2: 11.65%<br />
<H4>June 25</H4><br />
* Took out all four samples for standard check of OD and mass of copper samples. Solid media was also examined. All samples (liquid and solid) were photographed. <br />
* Only sample 2 of copper 2 in liquid media was able to be measured for the other samples were either etched by bacteria or physically torn apart by shaking or by the AMF media.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''Solid Media Samples:'''</center><br />
Copper 2- Sample 1 (without bacteria)<br />
Removal: 9:51, Return: 9:55<br />
Observations: Green copper sample on surface. No clear media visible. (see photo below).<br />
<br />
Copper 2- Sample 2 (with bacteria)<br />
Removal: 9:51, Return: 9:55<br />
Observations: A light shade of green on copper. Outer edges of the copper appeared black. Media was a uniformed amber color. No observable size change. (see photo below).<br />
<br />
Note: One or both of the solid media samples dried up, therefore requiring another set of experiments.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''Liquid Media Samples:'''</center><br />
Copper 2- Sample 1 (with bacteria)<br />
Removal1: 9:56, Return1: 10:23, Removal2: 10:41, Return2: 10:54*<br />
Observations: Visible brown and murky copper color to liquid media. Pellets formed when the media was centrifuged. Copper appeared to turn into little powder, pellet form, and conclude mass is difficult to measure and may alter data. (see photo below).<br />
Cuvette reading1: .034A, Cuvette reading2: .057A*<br />
Today’s mass (fourth day): N/A<br />
Third day’s mass1: 0.0550g, Third day’s mass2: 0.0388g, Third day’s mass3: 0.0285g<br />
Second day’s mass: 0.1063g, Initial mass: 0.1318g<br />
% Mass Lost: N/A (All of the copper was etched)<br />
<br />
*Note: Since the spectrophotometer reading was significantly lower than that of yesterday (.667 A), the sample’s OD was read twice<br />
<br />
Copper 2- Sample 2 (without bacteria)<br />
Removal: 10:24, Return: 10:58<br />
Observations: Copper is visible in muddy but faint blue-green liquid media. No observable change to copper (see picture below). Observable pellets after centrifuging (Unknown origin again like yesterday). Note the varied measurements in the masses, although not of a significant drop as in Copper 2 liquid media sample 1 which turned to nothing.<br />
Cuvette reading: 0.118 A<br />
Current (fourth day) mass1: .0400g Current (fourth day) mass2: .0324g<br />
Third day’s mass reading1: 0.0907g, Third day’s mass reading2: .0842g<br />
Second day’s mass: 0.0953g, Initial mass: 0.1286g<br />
* %Mass change1: 55.90%, % Mass change2: 64.28%<br />
** %Mass change1: 52.49%, % Mass change2: 61.52%<br />
<br />
*Note: Based on first reading from yesterday<br />
**Note: Based on second reading from yesterday<br />
<br />
Copper 1- Sample 1 (with bacteria)<br />
Removal1: 10:55, Return: 11:04<br />
Observations: Liquid media copper brown, that may include ions that are not copper (note picture below). Some visible tiny fragments of original sample, but conclude to not take mass for this sample. After centrifuging there were visible pellets (bacteria).<br />
Cuvette reading1: 0.094 A <br />
Current mass: N/A, Previous mass: N/A, Initial mass: 0.0092g<br />
% Mass Lost: N/A<br />
<br />
Copper 1- Sample 2 (without bateria)<br />
Removal: 10:24, Return: 11:19<br />
Observations: Slight light green color to the media, and media appeared slightly cloudy. No significant copper pieces visible in liquid media (note picture). Conclude to not take mass for this sample.<br />
Cuvette reading: 0.022 A<br />
Current mass reading: N/A, Previous mass: N/A, Initial mass: 0.0107g<br />
% Mass lost: N/A</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
== July ==<br />
===July 5 - July 19===<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><H4>July 5</H4><br />
<center>'''Cutting Copper Samples:'''</center><br />
We cut 50 pieces of 2 x 2 cm copper pieces using scissors. 5 of those pieces were sanded to make the surface rough in order to test if solid media can stay on it since the experiment did not work last time with the smooth surface. <br />
<br />
<center>'''Liquid Media:'''</center><br />
1 liter of liquid media (AFM) was developed. 6 flasks were filled to the 100mL mark with AFM, with the intention of three flasks containing copper w/bacteria and the other three containing copper w/o bacteria. 32 uL of OD 0.0031 bacteria were added to the bacteria flasks after copper masses were measured. Two additional flasks were also used: one would be filled with 100mL of sulfuric acid (at pH 1.95) and a piece of copper without bacteria; the other would be filled with 100mL of deionized water and a piece of copper without bacteria. Two blank PCB pieces were also placed in two separate flasks. 10.3 uL of OD 0.0031 bacteria was added to one of the two flasks after the PCB masses were measured.The PCBs were covered with just enough media to fill the top of the copper surface, or at least we tried. The flasks with AFM were put into the shaker at 220 rpm, room temperature. The two PCB flasks were left sitting on the table next to the shaker in undergrad lab, not shaking.The water and sulfuric acid flasks were placed in a shaker at 225 rpm and 30 degrees C. <br />
Note that the amount of bacteria and the OD used were calculated such that we have an initial concentration of 1 x 10^-6 cells for the liquid media.<br />
<center>'''Solid Media:'''</center><br />
Calculations were first performed to determine the amount of solid media needed to place a thin layer (1 mL) so diffusion of ions can occur as quickly as possible. Calculations showed that we needed 7.85 mL per petri dish, but at the end, we used 12.85 mL of solid media to entirely cover the surface of each large petri dish with the copper samples submerged. We did this because of the inaccurate assumption that the copper samples were completely flat. The petri dish containing scratched copper pieces just had media on top of them. A total of 8 petri dishes (labeled 1 to 8) each containing 4 pieces of copper and 1 petri dish (labeled 9) containing 3 scratched copper were utilized. Calculations were done to see how to dilute OD 31 bacteria to OD 1. After calculations, 100 uL of OD 1 bacteria were placed into four petri dishes and spread around using beads. 20 uL of OD 1 bacteria were placed onto each scratched copper in petri dish 9. Dishes 2,5,7, and 8 have bacteria added. Whereas dishes 1,3,4, and 6 do not have bacteria. All the petri dishes were placed in an incubator at 29 degrees C and a beaker of water is in there to make sure they don’t dry out. On the first day, all the flasks and the petri dishes contained clear media with copper samples in them. <br />
<H4>July 7</H4><br />
After removing the flasks containing AFM from the shaker, we noticed a rather obvious layer of whitish-yellow precipitate sitting at the bottom of the flasks. The flasks without AFM—the controls with the distilled water and sulfuric acid—did not contain this white precipitate. The source of the precipitation is unknown.<br />
<center>'''Measuring the Masses of the Samples in Liquid Media:'''</center><br />
The copper pieces were fished out of the solutions with tongs sterilized by heat. They were then rinsed off with water first then 70% ethanol solution. After drying the pieces with a kimwipe, we tried to smooth out the corners and flatten the piece out in order for its dimensions to be measured accurately. The copper pieces were then massed, and the results recorded. Once we found the masses, the copper pieces were placed back into their respective flasks.<br />
<center>'''Taking Optical Density:'''</center><br />
1 mL of basal AFM low pH solution was pipetted into a cuvette to serve as a blank. The cuvette was then placed in the spectrophotometer, which recorded the OD. The blank was used as a reference. 1 mL of the solution in the flask containing only AFM and copper was pipetted into a microcentrifuge tube. The tube was then capped and placed into a centrifuge for 2 minutes at 12,000g. The supernatant solution was pipetted out of the tube and disposed, leaving behind a white pellet of cells. The AFM solution in the cuvette prepared earlier was then pipetted into the tube and the solution was mixed within the container to ensure homogeneity in the solution. The liquid was then transferred back into the cuvette, where we made sure no large droplets were present on the sides of the cuvette and no bubbles were in solution before we placed it back in the spectrophotometer to record the OD. The solution in the cuvette and the cuvette itself were then discarded. Three trials were run for each sample of solution containing AFM (with and without bacteria). The precipitate mentioned earlier may have affected the OD readings of the solutions samples. <br />
<H4>July 8</H4><br />
<center>'''Liquid Media:'''</center><br />
The solutions in the AFM flasks were a dark, cloudy yellow color. The precipitate was a brownish-yellow color. The copper piece in the acid solution had become a dull dark pinkish color. The mass of the copper pieces in all the flasks with liquid media were taken, using the same procedure from the previous day. The ODs of the solutions were also taken using the same procedure as before.<br />
<center>'''Solid Media:'''</center><br />
The solid media sample #2 (containing bacteria), sample #4 (without bacteria), and scratched samples were removed from the incubator; the latter was removed just for picture taking and was placed back in the incubator shortly after. The gel in the petri dishes were stained ochre. The copper pieces were covered in green and surrounded by brown. The green layer and gel was washed away with water and 70% ethanol to reveal the un-etched copper pieces underneath. The copper pieces were then weighed and the masses recorded. <br />
Note that the the thickness of the media in the petri dishes were about 0.16 cm.<br />
The ODs of the solid media samples could not be taken. We are discussing the possibility of doing controls with different amounts of bacteria in solid media. Data does not seem to make sense since the average percent loss from the sample w/o bacteria is greater than the one with bacteria. <br />
<H4>July 9</H4><br />
<center>'''Liquid Media:'''</center><br />
The solutions in the AFM flasks still retain a dark and cloudy yellow color. There are powdery precipitates on the bottom of each flask. The mass of the copper pieces in all the flasks with liquid media were taken, using the same procedure from the previous days. The ODs of the solutions were also taken using the same procedure as before. Over a period of 3 days, each of the 6 AFM flasks had a copper mass decrease of 30%. We therefore cannot tell whether the bacteria is actually etching the copper, as the rate of the dissolved oxygen etching the copper overshadows the rate of bacterial etching.<br />
<H4>July 11</H4><br />
<H4>July 14</H4><br />
<H4>July 17</H4><br />
</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
===July 18 - July 23===<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><H4>July 18</H4><br />
170 pieces of 2 x 2 cm copper pieces were cut using scissors. The samples were then rinsed with 70% ethanol and dried with KimWipes. We made 1L AFM for later use. Labeled 12 petri dishes that had solid media(6 for bacteria and 6 for no bacteria, in which each dish has 4 pieces of copper). The masses of each copper sample were measured and recorded. Refer to the Summary of Tables for the masses of the copper samples. We could not finish set up because we do not have bacteria ready. Instead, we took a 1.2 mL OD 25.7 bacteria and diluted it to 10 mL of OD 3.08 bacteria. We placed 100 mL of the fresh AFM we made into each of our 9 flasks, and inoculated 1 mL of OD 3.08 bacteria into each flask for them to grow. We then placed the flasks in the shaker. It will only take one day for the bacteria to deplete the media because of the high starting OD. <br />
<H4>July 19</H4><br />
<center>'''Preparing Liquid and Solid Media:'''</center><br />
At the start of the lab session, 1 L of liquid AFM and 150 mL of solid AFM were created. Using the radius of the petri dish (5 cm), it was determined that in order to create a layer of solid media of about 1 mL high, 8 mL of solid media would be placed in each Petri dish.<br />
The solid media was pipetted into pre-labeled dishes containing copper pieces. The temperature of the solid media dropped too quickly upon pipetting, however, and the media solidified before it could be spread evenly on the dish. In order to submerge the copper pieces in media, the solid media was pipetted onto the copper pieces, then the dish was tilted to promote spreading. The parts of some of the copper pieces that were not submerged (specifically 2.3, 2.4, 4.3, 5.2) began oxidizing only two hours after the solid media was added to the dishes. All the copper pieces in the Petri dishes also had air bubbles trapped underneath them.<br />
100 mL of liquid media was pipetted into each of six pre-labeled flasks.<br />
<center>'''Preparing Cells:'''</center><br />
The cell cultures were retrieved from the undergraduate lab and placed into centrifuge bottles. The bottles centrifuged with a water balance for five minutes at 12,000 g. Once removed from the centrifuge, the supernatant of the bottles was poured out. Masses of 9 microcentrifuge tubes were taken, labeled, and recorded. About 1 mL of liquid media was added to the pellet and the solution was transferred to the labeled microcentrifuge tubes. The tubes containing solution were massed. The tubes were microcentrifuged for 2 min at 12,000 g to better isolate the cells from the supernatant. We removed as much of the liquid as possible from the centrifuge tubes, leaving behind the pellet of cells. The tubes containing the pellet only was massed in order to determine the approximate mass of the bacteria in each tube.<br />
<center>'''Preparing Experiments:'''</center><br />
1 mL of AFM was added to the microcentrifuge tubes and the pellets were mixed into the media. One solution was pipetted into each of three liquid media flasks. Copper pieces were massed and one was placed into each of the six liquid media flasks. The remaining six solutions were pipetted into six petri dishes and then spread around the plate using beads. The petri dishes were placed into the incubator.<br />
<H4>July 20</H4><br />
Six flasks containing a copper square in each- 3 flasks containing a solution with bacteria and 3 flasks without bacteria- were removed from a shaker that had been operating at 220 RPM. Flasks B2 and B3 contained solutions that were different shades of reddish-brown, while flask B1 contained a yellowish-green solution. The 3 flasks without bacteria all contained a clear, colorless solution. The 3 copper pieces that were not exposed to bacteria-containing solution retained their original shape, color and finish. The 3 copper pieces that were exposed to solution containing bacteria appeared darker in color, tarnished and had crimpled edges.<br />
Petri dish #1(containing bacteria) and Petri dish #7(did not contain bacteria) each contained 4 copper squares immersed in a solid medium. Before washing, the squares in dish #1 were covered in a dark green film. After washing with water and 70% ethanol, they appeared tarnished and were different shades of brown in different spots. Before washing, the squares in dish #7 were mostly covered light green-blue film. After washing with water and 70% ethanol, they also appeared tarnished and were different shades of brown in different spots.<br />
<center>'''Measuring the Masses of the Samples in Liquid Media:'''</center><br />
For the liquid media, the copper pieces were taken out of their respective flasks with sterile tongs and cleaned with deionized water and 70% ethanol. For the solid media, the copper squares were also cleaned with deionized water and 70% ethanol. They were then dried with a Kimwipe and their masses were obtained with an electronic balance. The copper squares for the liquid media were returned to their original flasks.<br />
<H4>July 21</H4><br />
The solid media Petri Dish #2 (w/ bacteria) and Petri Dish #8 (without bacteria) were removed from incubator. The gel in the petri dishes was stained ochre. Petri dish#2 copper pieces were covered by a yellow green-green square layers and surrounded by a brown copper color. Petri dish #8 copper pieces were covered by a blue green layer also surrounded by a copper color. The green layer and gel were washed away with water and 70% ethanol to reveal un-etched copper pieces underneath. The copper pieces were then weighed and the masses were recorded. We then found what the mass decrease was by comparing the masses before the experiment and the masses after the experiment.<br />
<H4>July 22</H4><br />
We took measurements of the masses of copper in the liquid media and the two samples of the copper in solid media (see past trials for copper cleaning procedures). When the flasks containing AFM and bacteria were removed from the shaker, they appeared a dark muddy brown. The copper samples in the flasks were completely etched away, leaving trace amounts of copper pieces which we did not mass. The masses of the copper pieces in these flasks were assumed to be 0. The solutions in the AFM flasks not containing bacteria were a cloudy white. The copper samples in one of the Petri dishes, that had the solid media without bacteria, were coated in a uniform blue-green layer which may have been copper that was etched away. The copper samples in Petri Dish #4, which did contain bacteria, were covered in a patchier green-white layer. Note that sample 4.3 experienced some oxidizing even before bacteria was added to the dish during setup on Thursday. The distilled water and iron sulfate flasks had transparent green-tinted solutions.<br />
<H4>July 23</H4><br />
Took out solid media petri dish #5 with bacteria and solid media petri dish #11 with no bacteria. Also, we took out the AFM liquid media with no bacteria and the Iron (III) Sulfate liquid media. Solid sample #five showed specks of the agar surface, potentially bacteria. All the samples were enclosed with a greenish surface. Look at our Data and Conclusion section for our plots showing the rate of copper etching.<br />
</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
===July 24 - July 27===<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><H4>July 24</H4><br />
We washed and autoclaved 9 flasks. Also, made 1L liquid media and grew cells in 9 flasks of 100 mL fresh AFM, while shaking, with initial OD of 0.5.<br />
<H4>July 26</H4><br />
We cut 5x5 cm piece of copper, put nail polish on several 2x2 cm copper pieces, and centrifuged cells. We made 1L liquid media and used pH paper to test for pH. The pH was around 3-4 and so we added in more sulfuric acid. The pH still did not change. We put our cells back in the 9 flasks, each containing 100 mL of just made liquid media (AFM). The flasks were placed into a shaker.<br />
<H4>July 27</H4><br />
The flasks were still clear from one day of shaking. We centrifuged one of the flasks and found out that there was no pellet. We used a pH meter and found out that the liquid media pH was a little below 1, which meant that all our cells, from July 24, died. We discarded the contents of all 9 flasks, cleaned them, and autoclaved them.<br />
</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
== August ==<br />
===July 29 - August 4===<br />
After a failed attempt at setting up solid media copper etching experiments to test for control and efficiency, we were able to correct our mistakes by adjusting for the firmness of our solid media solutions and proceed with experimental setup.<br />
<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><H4>July 31</H4> A. ferroxidans were left to grow overnight and Solution C (pH 2.35 and 2 w% iron, or ~10g/500 mL) was made.<br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 2</H4> The A. ferroxidans pellets were separated from its supernatant using a centrifuge. Solution D, an agar solution necessary for making the solid media, was made to have a concentration of 1%. The following experiments were set up twice in solid media (unless otherwise stated)--one dish for each experiment contained cells, and one dish did not:<br />
<br />
<UL><br />
<LI>One 5x5 cm copper piece, with cardstock placed on top of the solid media<br />
<LI>Four 2x2 cm copper pieces with nail polish (one fully painted on both sides, one half painted on both sides, one half painted on one side, and one not painted) with cells on each copper for the petri dish containing cells<br />
<LI>Four 2x2 cm in 15 mL of solid media with 15 mL of AFM on top<br />
<LI>Solid media enclosing copper in liquid media in shaker<br />
</UL><br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 3</H4> The agar concentration was found to be too low for the experiments set up on 8/2, as the solid media did not solidify overnight. The experiments were scrapped and restarted with solid media of a higher agar concentration (4%).<br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 4</H4> 4% agar was a more successful alternative. The experiments listed above for August 2nd were set up once again.</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
===August 5 - August 11===<br />
Observations were made of the experiments set up the past week. Firmer solid media, greater % of agar in solution, may have also contributed to the reduced oxidation we saw in the copper pieces. The bacteria in most of our setups were also consistently etching more copper in the same period of time compared to the dishes that did not contain bacteria. <br />
<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><H4>Aug 5</H4><br />
The copper pieces were massed and more experiments were set up. <br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 7</H4><br />
Observations were taken of the flasks filled with liquid media containing the copper piece in a solid media "shell." <br />
The solution in flasks containing no bacteria appeared unchanged. Copper in solid media in these flasks appeared darker compared to Day 1. <br />
In the flasks containing bacteria, the solutions turned a deep amber color. The solid media was still intact. The flask labelled Bac 1 developed a yellow residue and its solution was more opaque than flasks Bac 2 and 3. The yellow residue also seemed to be coating solid media. <br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 8</H4><br />
The copper pieces in the flasks were massed and it was determined that the average mass of copper etched away by the flask containing copper was greater than the average mass of copper etched in the case where there was no bacteria (11% mass loss versus 1%, respectively). Biological etching was considered a success.<br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 9</H4><br />
Observations were made of the petri dish setups. <br />
<OL><br />
<LI>Big Copper with Cardstock:<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE>- w/ bacteria: bacteria seems to promote oxidation of Cu (Copper turned green)<br />
w/o bacteria: copper turned a very dark brown.<br />
solid media in bac and no bac have turned yellow.</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
<LI>Nail Polished Copper:<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE>- no visible etching seem through layer of nail polish for both bacteria and no bacteria.<br />
- etching where Cu is exposed is still occurring.</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
<LI>Solid and Liquid Media:<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE>- w/ bacteria: liquid media turned orange-brown and there is some oxidation on copper pieces<br />
- w/o bac: copper pieces not shiny anymore and turned dark brown. Liquid media is still transparent.</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
</OL><br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 10</H4><br />
The copper pieces were removed from all the petri dish experiments. It was determined that more copper was etched from the petri dishes containing bacteria in all cases.</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
===August 12 - August 18===<br />
Since the experiment with the solid media encased copper shaking in the liquid media proved successful last week, we decided to repeat the experiment with much less liquid media--the AFM solution would only be a thin layer, with and without bacteria sitting on top of a petri dish with copper submerged underneath a layer of solid media. Setup for this experiment was done this week. The AFM solution was continually replenished throughout the week to ensure the bacteria would always have a source of ferrous ions for continuous growth. <br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<H4>Aug 14</H4><br />
Setup for the hybrid experiment (solid media with a layer of liquid media on top) took place. Solution B for solid media production had to be made again, due to bacterial contamination in our existing batch. Ten petri dishes with four copper samples in each were prepared--five with 15 mL of AFM and 1 mL of OD 27.5 bacteria, and five with only 15 mL of AFM. Dishes were placed in an incubator. <br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 15</H4><br />
The liquid media in the petri dishes containing bacteria was tinted brown, but remained clear in the dishes not containing bacteria.<br />
<br />
New AFM was added to replace the old liquid layer in the petri dishes containing bacteria. The cells were first separated using a centrifuge, and then put back in solution in 1 mL of fresh AFM, then transferred back to the petri dishes. There was a lot of brown precipitate in our pellet, much more than there were cells, that we couldn't separate, so we added it back to our dish for minimal loss of cells.<br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 16</H4><br />
See Aug 15. Additionally, the copper pieces had a dark brown layer building up on its surface within the solid media where they were exposed (not covered by nail polish).<br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 17</H4><br />
The same procedure for replacing the AFM from 8/15 was used for all but one of the dishes containing cells. The copper pieces from this dish were extracted from the solid media, cleaned, and then massed. This process was repeated for one petri dish not containing bacteria. On average it was determined that the copper in the petri dish with bacteria lost more mass on average than the pieces without bacteria. From this data, the surface area of the exposed copper, and the known density of the copper, we attempted to measure the depth of copper etched as well. The rest of the dishes were returned to the incubator.<br><br><br />
The liquid media in the bacteria dishes was an orange-brown (precipitate buildup), while the liquid media in the dishes without bacteria remained clear.<br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 18</H4><br />
See previous day. Even more etching had occurred in both cases, with the biological etching system proving to be the faster system yet again.<br />
</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
===August 19 - August 25===<br />
The last of the copper pieces from the last experiment were massed this week. A new set of experiments were started, making use of the fact that the hybrid setup (a layer of liquid AFM over the copper pieces preserved in solid media) from last week was effective in etching. We wanted to test how thin we could make the layer of liquid media so that etching would still occur. See our [https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Data_and_Conclusions/ Data and Conclusions Page] for a summary of our data.<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><br />
====Aug 19====<br />
See procedure for August 17. Four petri dishes were returned to the incubator (two bacteria, two without) at the end of the day. The copper pieces in the petri dish with bacteria that were matched lost, on average, about four times as much mass due to etching as the pieces in the dish without bacteria. <br />
<br />
====Aug 20====<br />
See procedure for August 17. Two petri dishes were returned to the incubator (one with bacteria, one without) at the end of the day. Again, the copper pieces in the petri dish with bacteria that were matched lost, on average, about four times as much mass due to etching as the pieces in the dish without bacteria.<br />
<br />
====Aug 21====<br />
The copper pieces in the last two petri dishes were massed. See procedure for August 17.<br />
<br />
====Aug 22====<br />
Setup for a new set of experiments took place today. More 2cm x 2cm copper pieces were cut and cleaned. The cells and supernatant were spun and the pellet was resubmerged in 10 mL of fresh AFM. We prepared the following petri dishes in triplicate (see solid media protocol for making solid media):<br />
<UL><br />
<LI> Hybrid dish with 1 mL OD 1.708 bacteria + 9 mL liquid AFM (10 mL liquid media layer in total).<br />
<LI> Hybrid dish with 1 mL OD 1.708 bacteria + 4 mL liquid AFM (5 mL liquid media layer in total).<br />
<LI> Hybrid dish with 1 mL OD 1.708 bacteria (1 mL liquid media layer in total).<br />
<LI> Hybrid dish with 10 mL AFM only.<br />
<LI> Hybrid dish with 5 mL AFM only.<br />
<LI> Hybrid dish with 1 mL AFM only.<br />
</UL><br />
The dishes were placed in the incubator in the lab.<br />
<br />
====Aug 23====<br />
Flasks from yesterday were cleaned and autoclaved. The copper pieces from last week were viewed under a microscope.<br />
<br />
====Aug 25====<br />
One of each type of petri dish setup from Aug 22 was taken out of the incubator so that the copper pieces could be removed and weighed. <br />
A 'C' was painted on the face of several pennies with nail polish and thrown into a flask with 100 mL of AFM an 1 mL of OD 0.35 A. ferooxidans and put on a shaker.<br />
<br />
</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
===August 26 - September 1===<br />
The last of the copper pieces in the hybrid setup petri dishes from last week were massed this week. Another experiment was set up to test if we could decrease the amount of liquid media in these dishes even further and still have etching occur. See our [https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Data_and_Conclusions/ Data and Conclusions Page] for a summary of our data.<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<H4>Aug 26</H4><br />
One of each type of petri dish as was set up last week was taken out of the incubator, and the copper pieces in them were weighed. <br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 27</H4><br />
One of each type of petri dish as was set up last week was taken out of the incubator, and the copper pieces in them were weighed. <br><br><br />
The liquid media in the petri dishes that did not contain any bacteria was tinted a slight blue, most likely due to cupric ions that had diffused through the solid media into the liquid media solution. <br />
More cells were also grown for our next set of experiments.<br />
<br />
<H4>Aug 29</H4><br />
A new set of experiments was set up today. The cells that were set to grow two days prior were isolated via the centrifuge, then resuspended in 10 mL of fresh AFM. The components of the solid media were also prepared for <br />
<br />
Eighteen petri dishes were labelled. The following hybrid petri dish setups were prepared in triplicate, with two pieces of pre-massed copper submerged in a thin layer of solid media in each dish:<br />
<UL><br />
<LI>Hybrid dish with 1 mL of OD 1.648 bacteria + 3 mL of liquid AFM (4 mL of liquid media total)<br />
<LI>Hybrid dish with 1 mL of OD 1.648 bacteria + 2 mL of liquid AFM (3 mL of liquid media total)<br />
<LI>Hybrid dish with 1 mL of OD 1.648 bacteria + 1 mL of liquid AFM (2 mL of liquid media total)<br />
<LI>Hybrid dish with 4 mL of liquid AFM only<br />
<LI>Hybrid dish with 3 mL of liquid AFM only<br />
<LI>Hybrid dish with 2 mL of liquid AFM only<br />
</UL><br />
<br><br />
A 'C' was painted on pennies and thrown into a flask containing 100 mL of liquid media and 100 microliters of OD 25.2 bacteria for etching. <br />
<br><br><br />
The more heavily stained flasks from last week were filled with acid for cleaning and set on the shaker overnight to clean.<br />
<br />
</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
== September ==<br />
===September 2 - September 8===<br />
<BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<H4>Sept 2</H4><br />
One of each dish from the experiment set up on August 29th was taken out of the incubator. The copper pieces were taken out, cleaned with distilled water an 70% ethanol, and massed.<br />
<br />
<H4>Sept 3</H4><br />
See procedure for September 2nd. <br />
<br><br><br />
The painted pennies were removed from the flask. The pennies weren't etched correctly, which was likely a result of using a different type of nail polish compared to the first time.<br />
<br />
<H4>Sept 4</H4><br />
See procedure for September 2nd. <br />
<br><br><br />
The AFM solutions in the control dishes (not containing bacteria) were tinted a light blue, indicating that some of the cupric ions might have diffused through the solid media and into the liquid media. <br />
<br><br><br />
In the cases of the hybrid dishes containing bacteria, the greatest etching occurred in the cases where there was more AFM (liquid media). This is likely due to the fact that the increased amount of ferric ions in solution supported greater cell growth, which in turn spurred on faster etching.<br />
<br><br><br />
In the cases of the dishes that did not contain bacteria, except for one case (copper piece 7.2), the etching remained fairly consistent, regardless of the amount of liquid media in the petri dishes. <br />
<br />
</BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<br />
===September 23 - September 29===<br />
Pennies were painted on with nail polish to form the letters 'C' and/or 'U,' placed a flask with liquid media and A. ferooxidans and left to shake over several days. They were then taken out and the nail polish was removed from them using acetone to reveal still-shiny patches of copper underneath the areas not exposed to the liquid media. These pennies were made in anticipation of the Maker Faire at the New York Hall of Science in Queens as proof of concept and as souvenirs for people who stopped by our table.</div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_2
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia notebook 2
2012-10-04T03:28:44Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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__NOTOC__ <br />
<br />
= Columbia Genetics Lab Notebook =<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div class="content-header-box"><br />
== July, 2012 ==<br />
</div><br />
<div class="content-body-box"><br />
==== Thursday, 5th ====<br />
* Re-hydrated plasmids with 50µl of LB and Kanamycin solution<br />
* Stored solution at 37°C incubator overnight<br />
==== Friday, 6th ====<br />
* Purified pET26b vector using standard DNA purification protocol<br />
==== Monday, 9th ====<br />
* Received kill gene Bba-K124017 from plate 3, 20M<br />
* Re-hydrated DNA according to standard iGEM re-hydration protocol<br />
==== Tuesday, 10th ====<br />
* Contacted professors at Germany in hopes to receive copies of fungal phytochrome FphA<br />
==== Wednesday, 11th ====<br />
* Received confirmation by professors at Germany for FphA to be sent to Columbia University<br />
* Conducted transformation using electroporation with competent bacteria (marked by resistance to Kanamycin)<br />
*# Control: 1µl of deionized water with abt. and 60µl of bacteria cells<br />
*# Variable: 1µl of re-hydrated kill gene and 60µl of bacteria cells<br />
* Placed both samples after electroporation into 200µl of preprepared LB<br />
* Placed samples in shaker 37°C for 30 minutes<br />
==== Thursday, 12th ====<br />
* Grew 1 colony of transformed bacteria in 5mL of Kanamycin and LB solution<br />
** Note: Using pET20b vector over pET26b vector from glycerol stock solution<br />
==== Friday, 13th ====<br />
* Isolated 4 samples of plasmid using standard plasmid isolation protocol<br />
*# 2 samples: kill gene<br />
*# 2 samples: pET20b vector<br />
==== Monday, 16th ====<br />
* Re-hydrated two biobrick parts in plasmid pSB2K3 according to standard iGEM re-hydration protocol <br />
*# BBa-I16009 (PcyA) from plate 1, 20F<br />
*# BBa-I16008 (ho1) from plate 2, 13J<br />
* Electroporated 1µl of each biobrick into separate E. coli at 1800V<br />
* Added 100µl LB broth into each sample<br />
* Placed samples at 33.4°C for 20 minutes<br />
* Samples were plated to be grown overnight<br />
<br />
==== Tuesday, 17th ====<br />
* Placed 5ml each of LB/Kan into two centrifuge tube for PCB creation<br />
*# Label P: PcyA<br />
*# Label h: ho1<br />
* Placed samples in 37°C incubator<br />
<br />
==== Wednesday, 18th ====<br />
* Purified ho1 and PcyA plasmids using standard DNA purification protocol<br />
* Placed purified DNA into glycerol stock (LB/Kan) and stored at -80°C<br />
<br />
==== Thursday, 19th ====<br />
* Purified GFP using standard DNA purification protocol<br />
* Prepared glycerol stock solution (500µl GFP/500µl 80% glycerol) and stored at -80°C<br />
<br />
==== Tuesday, 24th ====<br />
* Re-hydrated four biobrick parts according to standard iGEM re-hydration protocol<br />
*# Inducible plasmid (pSB1AK3-J04500) from plate 4, 12A<br />
*# GFP (pSB1A2-E0040) from plate 1, 14K<br />
*# High copy plasmid pSB1T3-J044500 from plate 1, 7A<br />
*# Low copy plasmid (pSB3C5-J044500) from plate 1, 3C<br />
* Electroporated competent E. coli with each of the four above genes separetely<br />
* Created Kan, Amp, Cam, Tetra, and Amp/Kan plates<br />
<br />
==== Wednesday, 25th ====<br />
* Streaked pSB1T3-J04450<br />
* Created LB solution with Kan or Amp or Cam<br />
<br />
==== Thursday, 26th ====<br />
* Prepared Glycerol stock for inducible promoter, GFP, and low-copy plasmid<br />
* Picked a single colony from pSB1T3-J04450 and let it grow overnight in 37C<br />
* Recorded and measured the DNA concentrations of following at 260nm:<br />
*# Kill gene<br />
*# PcyA<br />
*# ho1<br />
*# GFP<br />
*# Inducible promoter<br />
*# Low copy CAM plasmid<br />
* Followed digestion and ligation protocol; setup explained below:<br />
*# Upstream: ho1; Downstream: PcyA; Destination plasmid: Low-copy CAM<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: GFP; Destination plasmid: Low-copy CAM<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: Kill; Destination plasmid: High-copy TET (pSB1T3)<br />
* After completion, store samples at -20C<br />
<br />
==== Friday, 27th ====<br />
* Electroporated ligated samples from previous day: GFP, PCB, Kill<br />
* Followed standard plasmid isolation protocol for pSB1T3-J04450 (TET plasmid)<br />
<br />
==== Saturday, 28th ====<br />
* Check plates from electroporation from previous day<br />
<br />
==== Monday, 30th ====<br />
* Stored pif3 and phyB that arrived from Sweden<br />
* Relocated and reorganized the iGEM biobrick kit and glycerol stocks<br />
* Picked colonies for following DNA:<br />
*# Inducible promotor (pSB1AK3_J04500)<br />
*# GFP (pSB1A2_E0040)<br />
*# Low copy CAM plasmid (pSB3C5_J04150)<br />
* Added 10µl of ho1 and PcyA to 5ml of antibiotics<br />
* Electroporated following DNA:<br />
*# Inducible promoter IPTG/kill gene in BL21 cells<br />
*# Inducible promoter IPTG/GFP in BL21 cells<br />
*# PCB in α cells<br />
* Transferred successful electroporated cells to eppendorf tube with 100μL of LB and placed in 37C shaker<br />
==== Tuesday, 31st ====<br />
* Prepared glycerol stock of the following:<br />
*#GFP<br />
*#Inducible promoter (IPTG)<br />
*#Low copy CAM plasmid<br />
*#pcyA<br />
*#ho1<br />
* Isolated ho1 and PcyA using standard plasmid isolation protocol<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== August, 2012 ==<br />
<div class="content-body-box"><br />
==== Wednesday, 1st ====<br />
* Applied IPTG to samples of bacteria with GFP or kill gene and placed back in incubator at 37C<br />
* Electroporated the following plasmids:<br />
*# IPTG inducible promoter/kill gene into BL21 cells<br />
*# IPTG inducible promoter/GFP into BL21 cells<br />
*# phyB into α select cells<br />
*# pif3 into α select cells<br />
* Followed the PCR purification protocol for samples 1, 2 listed above<br />
* Chemically transformed the following using standard heat shock protocol provided by Bioline:<br />
*# IPTG inducible promoter/kill gene into BL21 cells<br />
*# IPTG inducible promoter/GFP into BL21 cells<br />
* Plated PCB onto LB/CAM plate<br />
* Plated Pif3 and phyB on KAN plates<br />
* Plated 500μL of GFP containing cells among two plates each LB/CAM (with and without IPTG)<br />
* Placed all samples in 37C incubator<br />
<br />
==== Thursday, 2nd ====<br />
* Selected colonies from PhyB from the LB/Kan plate<br />
* Prepared CAM plates<br />
* Selected colonies from GFP control<br />
* Received agar stabs from Uppsala<br />
<br />
==== Friday, 3rd ====<br />
* Placed 60μL of IPTG to half of control plate for reconfirmation of results<br />
* Streaked GFP (with IPTG inducible promoter) and Pif3 on plates<br />
<br />
==== Saturday, 4th ====<br />
* Streaked all 6 Uppsala (labelled below) parts from stabs onto plates:<br />
*# Upps 1: pSB1K3-B0034-YF1-B0034-FixJ<br />
*# Upps 2: pSB1K3-YF1<br />
*# Upps 3: pSB1K3-FixJ<br />
*# Upps 4: pSB1C3-PfixK2<br />
*# Upps 5: pSB1A3-amilCP<br />
*# Upps 6: pSB1C3 - amilGFP<br />
* Prepared glycerol stock for phyB (ETHZ)<br />
* Isolated phyB by following standard plasmid isolation protocol<br />
* Electroporated fphA and ho1 from Germany<br />
* Created LB/TET, LB/CAM, LB/Amp, LB/Kan plates<br />
<br />
==== Sunday, 5th ====<br />
* Pulled colonies from 6 iGEM parts and ho1 from Germany<br />
* Streaked fphA from Germany<br />
* Pulled colonies for Upps 2, 3, 4, 5, 6<br />
* Streaked Upps 1, 3, 4, 6<br />
* Parafilmed all plates and placed in 4C<br />
* Sorted and threw out unnecessary plates<br />
<br />
==== Monday, 6th ====<br />
* Pulled colonies from fphA and Upps 1<br />
* Isolated plasmids for the following samples following standard plasmid isolation protocol:<br />
*# 6 iGEM parts<br />
*# Upps 2-6<br />
*# ho1<br />
* Reconfirmed that TET plates are valid<br />
<br />
==== Tuesday, 7th ====<br />
* Prepared glycerol stock and isolated the plasmid using standard plasmid isolation protocol for following:<br />
*# fphA from Germany<br />
*# Upps 1 (pSB1K3-B0034-YF1-B0034-FixJ)<br />
* Prepared digestion by measuring OD at 260nm for following:<br />
*# Upps 1<br />
*# Upps 4<br />
*# Upps 5<br />
*# Upps 6<br />
*# Kill Gene<br />
*# Inducible promoter containing plasmid<br />
* Prepared digestions and ligated with following setup using the 3A assembly protocol provided from Bioline:<br />
*# Upstream: Upps 4; Downstream: Upps 5; Destination Plasmid: High Copy TET plasmid<br />
*# Upstream: Upps 4; Downstream: Upps 6; Destination Plasmid: High Copy TET plasmid<br />
*# Upstream: Upps 4; Downstream: Kill gene; Destination Plasmid: Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: Upps 5; Destination Plasmid: High Copy TET plasmid<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: Upps 6; Destination Plasmid: High Copy TET plasmid<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: Kill gene; Destination Plasmid: High Copy TET plasmid<br />
<br />
==== Wednesday, 8th ====<br />
* Pulled colony from GFP streak<br />
* Isolated following using standard plasmid isolation protocol:<br />
*# Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
*# High Copy TET plasmid<br />
*# Inducible promoter<br />
* Checked optical density and applied necessary dilutions for GFP<br />
* Prepared two samples of GFP: sample with IPTG and sample without IPTG<br />
* Place samples in shaker to grow overnight<br />
<br />
==== Thursday, 9th ====<br />
* Diluted GFP solutions to match proper optical density<br />
* Pulled colony for ho1 as backup and place in 37C inbucator<br />
<br />
==== Friday, 10th ====<br />
* Remade 200 mL each of antibiotic solutions for CAM, TET, Kan, Amp<br />
* Conducted digestions and ligations using the 3A assembly method following the protocols provided by bioline of following:<br />
*# Upstream: Upps 4; Downstream: Kill gene; Destination Plasmid: High Copy TET plasmid<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: Upps 5; Destination Plasmid: Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: Upps 6; Destination Plasmid: Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream; Kill gene; Destination Plamid: Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
* Followed the butanol purification protocol for ligated material containing inducible promoter from 7th and 10th<br />
<br />
==== Saturday, 11th ====<br />
* Reviewed the solutions for diluted GFP and observed no significant results<br />
* Reorganized samples in fridges and incubators<br />
<br />
==== Monday, 13th ====<br />
* Chemically transformed competent cells (BL21) with plasmids below using bioline protocol (used 1/2 of recommended amount)<br />
*# IPTG-Upps 5-Low Copy (CAM)<br />
*# IPTG-Upps 6-Low Copy (CAM)<br />
*# IPTG-Kill gene-Low Copy (CAM)<br />
*# CAM control plasmid<br />
*# PUC19 control plasmid<br />
* Electroporated competent cells (α-select) with plasmids below using bioline protocol<br />
*# Upps 4-Kill gene-High Copy (TET)<br />
*# Upps 4-Upps 5-High Copy (TET)<br />
*# Upps 4-Upps 6-High Copy (TET)<br />
*# PUC19 control plasmid<br />
*# High copy TET control plasmid<br />
''Note 1: TET control sparked''<br />
<br />
''Note 2: Upps 4-Upps 5-TET sparked''<br />
<br />
''Note 3: Original DNA for Upps 4-Upps 5-TET was pink''<br />
* Placed transformed samples in growth media and placed in 37°C shaker<br />
* Made 60ml of 1% agar gel for running gel electrophoresis (2 rows of 12 wells each noted below for gel) to check digestion and ligation<br />
** First row<br />
**# 2 log ladder<br />
**# Upps 4<br />
**# blank<br />
**# High Copy TET plasmid<br />
**# Upps 4 (2)<br />
**# Upps 6<br />
**# High Copy TET plasmid (2)<br />
**# Upps 4 (3)<br />
**# Kill gene<br />
**# High Copy TET plasmid (3)<br />
**# PCB<br />
**# High Copy TET plasmid (4)<br />
** Second row<br />
**# 2 log ladder<br />
**# Inducible promoter-IPTG<br />
**# Kill gene (2)<br />
**# High Copy TET plasmid (5)<br />
**# Inducible promoter-IPTG (2)<br />
**# Upps 6 (2)<br />
**# High Copy TET plasmid (6)<br />
**# Inducible promoter-IPTG (3)<br />
**# Upps 5 (2)<br />
**# High Copy TET plasmid (7)<br />
* Ran gel for 25 minutes at constant 150V<br />
* Took picture under UV light<br />
* Created TET and CAM plates<br />
<br />
==== Tuesday, 14th ====<br />
''Note: Work done below was conducted at the Kanbar Lab at the Cooper Union''<br />
* Prepared CAM from .250g of 25mg/mL CAM powder with 10mL of EtOH<br />
* Prepared LB/glucose media<br />
* Heat shocked DH5α competent cells with Inducible promoter/GFP/Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
<br />
==== Wednesday, 15th ====<br />
* Diluted bacteria cultures with following plasmids to 200x LB/CAM and placed in 37°C shaker<br />
*# IPTG-Upps 5-Low Copy (CAM)<br />
*# IPTG-Upps 6-Low Copy (CAM)<br />
*# IPTG-Kill gene-Low Copy (CAM)<br />
* Purified above plasmids and CAM control plasmid using standard purification protocol and prepared glycerol stocks<br />
* Added appropriate buffers to IPTG-Upps 5 and IPTG-Upps 6 and centrifuged for 10 minutes to determine for a pellet<br />
* Measured OD 600 of following samples<br />
*# IPTG-Upps 5-Low Copy (CAM): .160A<br />
*# IPTG-Upps 6-Low Copy (CAM): .038A<br />
* Inserted 1µl of 1M IPTG into cultures<br />
* Placed all samples in 37°C overnight<br />
''Note: conducted the below procedures at the Kanbar Lab''<br />
* Observed no growth for inducible promoter/GFP/low copy CAM plasmid<br />
<br />
==== Thursday, 16th ====<br />
* Measured OD 600 for 200x diluted bacterial solution containing plasmids with promoter inducible with IPTG<br />
*# IPTG-Upps 5-Low Copy (CAM): .040A<br />
*# IPTG-Upps 6-Low Copy (CAM): .032A<br />
*# IPTG-Kill gene-Low Copy (CAM): .028A<br />
* Noted that cell concentration was dense, decided to dilute solution with 75µl cells and 925µl LB/CAM solution<br />
* Placed diluted cell solution into 37°C incubator for 40 minutes<br />
* Inserted 1µl of 1M IPTG into cultures<br />
* Placed all samples in 37°C overnight<br />
==== Friday, 17th ====<br />
''Note: IPTG induced I-U5 and I-U6 appear to give no color change (no expression)''<br />
* Electroporate the following genes:<br />
*# Upps 4-Upps 6-High copy TET (sparked first time, redid trial)<br />
*# Upps 4-Kill-High copy TET<br />
*# Upps 4-Kill-Low copy CAM<br />
*# pUC19 control DNA (AMP resistance)<br />
* Placed all samples in 37°C overnight<br />
''Note2: Only adding 25µl of competent cells instead of 50µl mentioned in the<br />
<br />
==== Saturday, 18th ====<br />
* Observed none of the electroporated DNA grew, but observed colonies for control<br />
* Placed all samples back in the 37°C incubator<br />
==== Monday, 20th ====<br />
* Measured the optical density for the following:<br />
*# Upps 6 (with inducible promoter)<br />
*# Kill gene<br />
*# GFP<br />
*# Upps 5 (with inducible promoter)<br />
* Diluted the concentrated primer into a primer stock that would be used for DNA sequencing<br />
* Sent following DNA for sequencing (at Genewiz)<br />
*# Inducible promoter-GFP-Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
*# Inducible promoter-Upps 5-Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
*# Inducible promoter-Upps 6-Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
*# Inducible promoter-Kill gene-Low Copy CAM plasmid<br />
* Analyzed gel and concluded following:<br />
*# The digestion for TET high copy plasmid did not work<br />
*# The digestion for Upps 4, 5, 6 appeared to have worked<br />
*# All other digestions are inconclusive results<br />
==== Tuesday, 21st ====<br />
* Made additional Amp/CAM and Amp/TET plates<br />
* Measured the optical density for the following:<br />
*# Upps 1<br />
*# Kill gene<br />
*# High copy TET plasmid<br />
* Followed the standard digestion protocol provided by bioline or the following:<br />
*# Upps 1 (Upstream)<br />
*# Kill gene (Downstream)<br />
*# High copy TET plasmid (Destination plasmid)<br />
* Re-organized iGEM boxes by throwing out previous digestions of High Copy TET plasmids<br />
* Re-hydrated following biobricks from standard rehydration protocol:<br />
*# Constitutive promoter-BBa_J130002 (P1, 13B)<br />
*# Low-copy TET plasmid-PSB3T5 (P1, 7C)<br />
*# High-copy CAM plasmid-PSB1C3 (P1, 3A)<br />
*# High-copy Amp/CAM plasmid-PSB1AC3 (P1, 9A)<br />
*# High-copy Amp/TET plasmid-PSB1AT3 (P1, 13A)<br />
* Made 60ml of 1% agar gel for running gel electrophoresis (2 rows of 12 wells each noted below for gel) to check digestion and ligation<br />
** First row<br />
**# 2 log ladder<br />
**# old TET high copy plasmid<br />
**# old Kill gene<br />
**# Upps 5<br />
**# IPTG inducible promoter<br />
** Second row<br />
**# 2 log ladder<br />
**# newly digested TET high copy plasmid<br />
**# newly digested Kill gene<br />
**# Upps 1<br />
* Ran gel for 25 minutes at constant 150V<br />
* Took picture under UV light<br />
==== Wednesday, 22nd ====<br />
* Conducted ligations for the following using a vector to insert ratio of 1:3<br />
*# Sample 1: Inducible promoter (upstream insert)-Kill gene (Downstream insert)-pSB3C5 (vector)<br />
*# Sample 2: Inducible promoter (upstream insert)-Upps 5 (Downstream insert)-pSB3C5 (vector)<br />
*# Sample 3: Inducible promoter (upstream insert)-Upps 6 (Downstream insert)-pSB3C5 (vector)<br />
*# Sample 4: Upps 4 (upstream insert)-Kill gene (Downstream insert)-pSB1T3 (vector)<br />
*# Sample 5: Upps 4 (upstream insert)-Upps 5 (Downstream insert)-pSB1T3 (vector)<br />
*# Sample 6: Upps 4 (upstream insert)-Upps 6 (Downstream insert)-pSB1T3 (vector)<br />
*# Sample 7: Control pSB3C5 (1:0 vector to insert ratio)<br />
*# Sample 8: Control pSB1T3 (1:0 vector to insert ratio)<br />
''Note: above ligations will be done with T4 buffer and ligase from both the Biobrick kit and Columbia's lab''<br />
<br />
''Note 2: label all sample using iGEM ligase and buffer with prefix N''<br />
<br />
''Note 3: label all sample using Columbia lab's ligase and buffer with B''<br />
* Electroporated the following using the standard protocol provided by Bioline:<br />
*# Constitutive promoter-BBa_J130002<br />
*# Low-copy TET plasmid-PSB3T5 <br />
*# High-copy CAM plasmid-PSB1C3<br />
*# High-copy Amp/CAM plasmid-PSB1AC3 <br />
*# High-copy Amp/TET plasmid-PSB1AT3 <br />
*# PUC19 control plasmid<br />
* Chemically transformed the following using the heat shock protocol:<br />
*# N1, N2, N3, N7, B1, B2, B3, B7 into BL21 (DE) pLysZ orange cells<br />
*# GFP IPTG given by graduate student at Columbia into BL21 (DE) green cells<br />
*# PUC19 into BL21 (DE) pLysZ orange cells<br />
*# PUC19 into BL21 (DE) green cells<br />
* Purified ligated protocol for electroporation following QIAquick PCR purification protocol<br />
* Plated all chemically transformed and electroporated cells<br />
<br />
==== Thursday, 23rd ====<br />
''Note: Observed no growth with pSB1T3, BL21 pLyse''<br />
<br />
''Note 2: Observed growth with PUC19 and other BL21''<br />
* Streaked sample N5<br />
* Found following 3 restriction sites (to be double checked by graduate student):<br />
*# NgomIV: CCGCCGGC<br />
*# EcoRI: GAATTC<br />
*# PstI: CTGCAG<br />
==== Friday, 24th ====<br />
* Diluted IPTG driven cultures to 200x with fresh LB/antibiotic solution<br />
* Followed standard plasmid isolation protocol for everything except the following:<br />
*# 1 sample of graduate student's GFP<br />
*# Sample of pSB1C3 (the high copy CAM plasmid)<br />
* Checked optical densities of samples B1-B3 and graduate student's GFP<br />
* Created two subsamples each of B1-B3; applied 1M IPTG to half of the subsamples<br />
* Applied 1M IPTG to into one of the samples of graduate student's IPTG-GFP<br />
==== Saturday, 25th ====<br />
* Checked IPTG "induced" samples and observed no expression<br />
* Measured optical density for following samples and diluted the samples:<br />
*# GFP by graduate student-pre-dilution: 2.0, post dilution: 0.710<br />
*# IPTG-kill (N1)-pre-dilution: 2.4, post dilution: 0.736<br />
*# IPTG-U5 (N2)-pre-dilution: 1.9, post dilution: 0.740<br />
*# IPTG-U6 (N5)-pre-dilution: 2.4, post dilution: 0.630<br />
*# IPTG-U5 (B2)-pre-dilution: 1.9, post dilution: 0.681<br />
*# IPTG-U6 (B3)-pre-dilution: 1.9, post dilution: 0.651<br />
* Applied 1.5μL of 1M IPTG with 1.5mL of each sample and place in 25C shaker<br />
* Followed standard plasmid isolation protocol for N1 and N5<br />
==== Monday, 27th ====<br />
* Observe expression of graduate student's GFP<br />
* Measured optical densities for following:<br />
** Ligated samples:<br />
**# N1-N3 <br />
**# B1-B3<br />
** Mini-prepped:<br />
**# Upps1-Upps6<br />
**# pSB1C3<br />
**# pSB1T3<br />
**# pSB1AT3<br />
**# pSB1AC3<br />
**# pSB1A2<br />
* Sent above samples for sequencing<br />
* Followed protocol from bioline for digestion:<br />
*# Downstream: Upps 1 <br />
*# Upstream: Constitutive promoter <br />
*# Destination plasmid: pSB3T5<br />
*# Destination plasmid: pSB1C3<br />
*# Destination plasmid: pSB1AC3<br />
*# Destination plasmid: pSB1AT3<br />
* Streaked out Upps 1 from agar stab<br />
<br />
==== Tuesday, 28th ====<br />
* Reviewed results from the sequencing from Genewiz<br />
* Design and send new primer (nev) for sequencing<br />
* Conducted ligations for the following using a vector to insert ratio of 1:3<br />
*# Constitutive promoter (upstream insert)-Upps 1 (downstream insert)-pSB1C3 (vector)<br />
*# Constitutive promoter (upstream insert)-Upps 1 (downstream insert)-pSB3T5 (vector)<br />
*# Constitutive promoter (upstream insert)-Upps 1 (downstream insert)-pSB1AT3 (vector)<br />
*# Constitutive promoter (upstream insert)-Upps 1 (downstream insert)-pSB1AC3 (vector)<br />
* Electroporated the above 4 ligations without purifying the ligations<br />
* Plated cells into respective plates<br />
* Picked colonies for Upps 1-YF1/FixJ<br />
==== Wednesday, 29th ====<br />
* Conducted ligations for the following using a vector to insert ratio of 1:3<br />
*# Upps 4 (upstream insert)-Upps 5 (downstream insert)-pSB1C3 (vector)<br />
*# Upps 4 (upstream insert)-Upps 6 (downstream insert)-pSB1C3 (vector)<br />
*# Upps 4 (upstream insert)-Kill gene (downstream insert)-pSB1C3 (vector)<br />
*# Upps 4 (upstream insert)-Upps 5 (downstream insert)-pSB1AC3 (vector)<br />
*# Upps 4 (upstream insert)-Upps 6 (downstream insert)-pSB1AC3 (vector)<br />
*# Upps 4 (upstream insert)-Kill gene (downstream insert)-pSB1AC3 (vector)<br />
* Extracted Upps 1 (Kan) from glycerol stock from -80C freezer<br />
* Followed graduate student's quickchange protocol and labelled N1-N4, E1-E4, P1-P4 with the labeling as following:<br />
*# Sample 1: HF only<br />
*# Sample 2: HF and 1.5μL DMSO<br />
*# Sample 3: GC only<br />
*# Sample 4: GC and 1.5μL DMSO<br />
*# Prefix N: NgoMIV mutation<br />
*# Prefix E: EcoRI mutation<br />
*# Prefix P: PsH mutation<br />
==== Thursday, 30th ====<br />
* Followed standard plasmid isolation protocol for Upps 1<br />
* Transformed U4-U5, U4-U6, U4-kill in 2 different plasmids<br />
* Ran gels of Quickchange product<br />
*# Column 1: miniprepped plasmid<br />
*# Column 2-5: N1-N4<br />
*# Column 6-9: E1-E4<br />
*# Column 10-13: P1-P4<br />
* Re-ligated Constitutive promoter-Upps 1<br />
<br />
</div><br />
== September, 2012 ==<br />
<div class="content-body-box"><br />
==== Wednesday, 5th ====<br />
''Note: All work done from this day on was done at the Kanbar lab at the Cooper Union''<br />
* Single digested the J13002<br />
* Placed the digest above and other digests to be run on gels into -20C freezer<br />
* Made 4 50mL 1% agarose gels<br />
* Followed standard plasmid isolation protocol for kill gene<br />
==== Friday, 7th ====<br />
* Ran two gels to check digests<br />
** Gel Number 1<br />
**# Marker<br />
**# Upps 1<br />
**# Inducible promoter 1<br />
**# Inducible promoter 2<br />
**# pSB3T5<br />
**# pSB1C3<br />
**# Low Copy Vector 1<br />
**# Low Copy Vector 2<br />
** Gel Number 2<br />
**# Marker<br />
**# Kill gene<br />
**# PcyA<br />
**# TetR 1<br />
**# TetR 2<br />
**# GFP from biobrick kit<br />
**# GFP from Tushar<br />
**# GFP from Kevin<br />
* Conducted digestions for the following:<br />
*# Inducible promoter digested with EcoRI&Spe with Buffer E and Buffer Multi (for 30 min.)<br />
*# TetR digested with EcoRI with Buffer H<br />
*# TetR digested with Spe with Buffer B<br />
*# Upps 1 digested with Xba&Pst with Buffer H<br />
*# Kill gene digested with Xba&Pst with Buffer H<br />
*# GFP digested with Xba&Pst with Buffer H<br />
*# pSB3T5 with EcoRI&Pst with Buffer H<br />
*# Low copy plasmid 2 digested with EcoRI&Pst with Buffer H<br />
*# pSB1C3 digested with EcoR&Pst with Buffer H<br />
''Note: Digests 7-9 was done in Antartic Phosphotase Treat 30 min in 37C and 15 min in 65C''<br />
* Conducted ligations for the following (followed by chemical transformations:<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: Upps 1; Destination plasmid: Low copy plasmid 2<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: Kill; Destination plasmid: Low copy plasmid 2<br />
*# Upstream: Inducible promoter; Downstream: GFP; Destination plasmid: Low copy plasmid 2<br />
* Conducted additional chemical transformations with the following vectors:<br />
*# pET20b<br />
*# pET26b<br />
*# pUC19<br />
* Conducted following additional ligations, reference numbers correlate to numbers shown above for this day's digestions<br />
*# Label A: 2 and 9<br />
*# Label B: 3 and 4 and 9<br />
*# Label C: 1 and 4 and 8<br />
*# Label D: 1 and 5 and 8<br />
*# Label E: 1 and 6 and 8<br />
*# Label F: 3 and 4<br />
*# Label G: 3 and 5<br />
*# Label H: 3 and 6<br />
<br />
==== Tuesday, 11th ====<br />
* Observed the following:<br />
*# Inducible promoter-GFP-Low Copy CAM Plasmid had 3 pink clones (IPTG applied)<br />
*# Inducible promoter-GFP-Low Copy CAM Plasmid had 3 pink clones (NO IPTG)<br />
*# Inducible promoter-Upps 1-Low Copy CAM Plasmid had 32 pink clones<br />
*# Inducible promoter-Kill gene-Low Copy CAM Plasmid had 50 pink clones<br />
''Note 1: Destination plasmid/vector contained J04450 biobrick part, explained pink clones''<br />
<br />
''Note 2: All vectors were all treated with Antartic Phophotase, expect no religation of J04450 with LC vector''<br />
* Digested Kill gene and GFP with E and P<br />
* AP Treat Kill gene with X and P, GFP with X and P<br />
* Conducted ligations for the following:<br />
*# GFP (E and P) with pSB1C3 (E and P, AP treated)<br />
*# GFP (X and D, AP treated) with TetR/s<br />
* Condcuted transformations for the following:<br />
*# Ligation F from 9/7, TetR, Upps 1(X and P)<br />
*# Kill gene, pSB1C3<br />
*# GFP, pSB1C3<br />
*# GFP, TetR<br />
* Mini-cultured pET20b and pET26b<br />
<br />
==== Wednesday, 12th ====<br />
* Observed following from the transformations from 9/11<br />
*# TetR/GFP-successful with about 250 colonies<br />
*# TetR/Upps 1-successful with about 200 colonies<br />
*# No growth with Kill&pCB1C3, GFP&pCB1C3 <br />
* Prepared colony PCR for TetR&GFP, and TetR&Upps 1 on Amp grid plate (had A-D columns and 1-4 rows)<br />
*# Resuspended single colonies in 4μL deionized water<br />
*# Transferred 3μL colony suspension to Amp grid<br />
*# Stored remaining 1μL as PCR template<br />
*# Grew Amp grid plate in 37C overnight<br />
''Note 1: GFP/TetR: A and B with 1-4 each''<br />
<br />
''Note 2: Upps 1/TetR: C and D with 1-4 each''<br />
* PCR reaction contained following mixture:<br />
** 1x PCR Rxn<br />
*# 1.0μL of 10x buffer<br />
*# 0.4μL of dNTP<br />
*# 0.4μL of Primer F<br />
*# 0.4μL of Primer R<br />
*# 1.0μL of template mentioned above<br />
*# 0.4μL of tag<br />
*# 6.4μL of deionized water<br />
** 17x PCR Rxn<br />
*# 17μL of 10x buffer<br />
*# 6.8μL of dNTP<br />
*# 6.8μL of Primer F<br />
*# 6.8μL of Primer R<br />
*# 6.8μL of tag<br />
*# 108.8μL of deionized water<br />
* PCR reactions conducted with following protocol:<br />
*# Denature at 95C for 10 min.<br />
*# Denature at 95C for additional 30 sec.<br />
*# Anneal at 56C for 30 sec.<br />
*# Elongation at 70C for 60 sec.<br />
*# Elongation at 72C for 20 min.<br />
*# Hold at 4C for 39 cycles<br />
* Set up second half composite construction digests for following:<br />
*# Upps 1; Enzyme: EcoRI and SpeI; Buffer E*; Ratio: 1:2; Reaction vol.: 30μL<br />
*# Upps 4; Enzyme: EcoRI and SpeI; Buffer E*; Ratio: 1:2; Reaction vol.: 30μL<br />
*# Upps 5; Enzyme: Xba and Pst; Buffer H; Ratio: 1:1; Reaction vol.: 20μL<br />
*# Upps 6; Enzyme: Xba and Pst; Buffer H; Ratio: 1:1; Reaction vol.: 20μL<br />
*# Kill gene; Enzyme: Xba and Pst; Buffer H; Ratio: 1:1; Reaction vol.: 20μL<br />
*# Linearlized pSB1T3; Enzyme: EcoRI and Pst; Buffer H; Ratio: 1:1; Reaction vol.: 20μL<br />
*# Linearlized pSB1K3; Enzyme: EcoRI and Pst; Buffer H; Ratio: 1:1; Reaction vol.: 20μL<br />
*# Promoterless GFP; Enzyme: Xba; Buffer H; Ratio: N/A; Reaction vol.: 20μL<br />
*# pUC19; Enzyme: EcoRI; Buffer H; Ratio: N/A; Reaction vol.: 20μL<br />
''Note 3: for * buffers, will use buffer 2 or 4 in future''<br />
* Reactions took place for 1 hr. in 37C incubation and placed in -20C<br />
* Isolated pGLO and pET20b vectors using standard plasmid isolation protocol<br />
* Prepared glycerol stocks for pET20b and pET26b<br />
==== Thursday, 13th ====<br />
* Conducted fphA PCR mutogenesis with following (template = pASKfphA 753bp)<br />
** 1x PCR Rxn<br />
*# 2.0μL of 10x Buffer<br />
*# 0.4μL of dNTP<br />
*# 0.4μL of Primer F (EcoRI)<br />
*# 0.4μL of Primer R (EcoRI)<br />
*# 1.0μL of template<br />
*# 0.4μL of tag<br />
*# 15.4μL of deionized water<br />
** 3x PCR Rxn<br />
*# 6.0μL of 10x Buffer<br />
*# 1.2μL of dNTP<br />
*# 1.2μL of Primer F (EcoRI)<br />
*# 1.2μL of Primer R (EcoRI)<br />
*# 1.2μL of tag<br />
*# 46.2μL of deionized water<br />
* Set up 4 min. extension time with 55C for annealing temp for PCR program<br />
* Digested above mixture with Dpn1 at 37C for 1hr. after PCR<br />
* Transformed product into DH5α<br />
* Heat inactivated samples with Spe1 restriction digests from 9/12 at 80C for 20 min. and rest at 65C for 20 min.<br />
* Antartic treated the following (15 min. 37C, 5 min. 65C):<br />
*# Upps 4<br />
*# Promoterless GFP<br />
*# pUC19<br />
* Conducted ligations for the following for a total volume of 10μL<br />
*# Upps 4-Kill gene-pSB1K3<br />
*# Upps 4-Upps 5-pSB1K3<br />
*# Upps 4-Upps 6-pSB1K3<br />
*# TetR/Spe (from 9/7)-promoterless GFP<br />
*# pUC19<br />
* Transformed ligated DNA into DH5α<br />
* Ran gels for PCR Rxn and observed following:<br />
*# A3, B3 had 300 bp (estimated) product<br />
*# B1, B4 had 700 bp (estimated) product<br />
*# Everything else (including marker failed)<br />
*# Can not differentiate between ±TetR<br />
* Minicultured 4 TetR-Upps 1 cultures randomly <br />
==== Friday, 14th ====<br />
* Sterilized glycerol for stocks<br />
* Created more LB/Amp plates<br />
* Created more sterile miniculture tubes<br />
* Ran 100 bp optimization gel<br />
''Note 1: While 2µl DNA visble, should use minimum of 5µl/lane for system (SYBR)''<br />
* Repeated VF2-VR PCR on TetR&promoterless GFP (denoted A) and TetR&Upps 1 (denoted B)<br />
** 1x PCR Rxn<br />
**# 1.0μL of 10x Buffer<br />
**# 0.4μL of dNTP<br />
**# 0.4μL of Primer F (EcoRI)<br />
**# 0.4μL of Primer R (EcoRI)<br />
**# 1.0μL of template<br />
**# 0.4μL of tag<br />
**# 6.4μL of deionized water<br />
** 17x PCR Rxn<br />
**# 17.0μL of 10x Buffer<br />
**# 6.8μL of dNTP<br />
**# 6.8μL of Primer F (EcoRI)<br />
**# 6.8μL of Primer R (EcoRI)<br />
**# 6.8μL of tag<br />
**# 108.8μL of deionized water<br />
''Note 2: Will pick 7 colonies from each and have 4 minicultures of B-will use 1µl±1 colony''<br />
* After review of primers, changed PCR program as follows:<br />
*# Increased annealing temp to 60C<br />
*# Increased extension temp to 70C<br />
*# Reduced cycles to 30<br />
==== Thursday, 20th ====<br />
* Reviewed order of custom primer from Invitrogen (primer ordered: 9/17)<br />
* Rehydrated primers<br />
* Ran PCR Rxn with following:<br />
*# Annealing temperature: 61C<br />
*# Elongation time: 3 minutes<br />
*# 30 cycles<br />
<br />
==== Monday, 24th ====<br />
* Reviewed plates and observed the following:<br />
** Noted plenty of colonies on both plates, as expected<br />
** Plates with pSB1C3-J04450 based vector had many pink colonies and 8-10 white clones<br />
** Considering both vectors were alkaline phosphatase treated, will assume treatment failed for both vectors<br />
** Will currently disregard Upps 3 based vector transformations<br />
* Picked following colonies for miniculture:<br />
*# pSB1C3-FphA<br />
*# Upps 4-Kill gene<br />
*# Upps 4-Upps 6<br />
*# TetR-Upps 1<br />
* Minicultured the following from glycerol stocks<br />
*# Upps 1<br />
*# Upps 4<br />
*# TetR<br />
<br />
==== Tuesday, 25th ====<br />
* Ran a gel to verify following plasmids:<br />
** Sizing Gel 1<br />
**# Kill gene 1 (OK)<br />
**# Kill gene 2 (OK)<br />
**# FphA1 (too small - discard)<br />
**# FphA2 (OK)<br />
**# Upps 1 (too big - discard)<br />
**# B0034 RBS (OK, faint)<br />
** Sizing Gel 2<br />
**# Upps 4-Kill gene 1 (OK)<br />
**# Upps 4-Kill gene 2 (OK)<br />
**# Upps 4-Upps 6 (OK)<br />
**# Upps 4-Upps 6 (too big - discard)<br />
**# Upps 4 (OK)<br />
**# B0030 RBS.1 (OK, but really faint)<br />
''Note 1: the parenthesis denote observations/analysis of gel''<br />
* Isolated plasmids using standard miniprep protocol for the minicultures from previous day<br />
* Set up PCR site directed mutagenesis using pSB1C3-FphA as template <br />
''Note 2: used protocol from 9/13 and EcoRI primer set''<br />
* Rehydrated the following using standard iGEM rehydration protocol<br />
*# BBa_J23100 (plate 1, 18C [Amp])<br />
*# BBa_J23101 (plate 1, 18E [Amp])<br />
*# Bba_J23102 (plate 1, 18G [Amp])<br />
* Transformed the above rehydrated biobricks into DH5α<br />
<br />
==== Wednesday, 26th ====<br />
* Digested the PCR Rxn with DpnI<br />
* Transformed pSB1C3-FphA into DH5α<br />
* Digested the following: <br />
*# BBa_B0034 RBS with SpeI<br />
*# Upps4 with XbaI<br />
*# Kill gene with XbaI<br />
* Ligated the following (was predigested with EcoRI): <br />
*# RBS-Upps 4<br />
*# RBS-Kill gene<br />
* Gel extracted the bands of the following:<br />
*# RBS-Upp4 Target 2352bp, erroneous 2155bp<br />
*# RBS-Kill Target 3441bp, erroneous 2155bp<br />
* Minicultured the following:<br />
*# Upps 1<br />
*# Promoterless GFP<br />
*# Promoters 100-102<br />
<br />
==== Wednesday, 27th ====<br />
* Made minipreps from minicultures from previous day, ran qualitative gel, and concluded the following:<br />
*# Upps 1 had poor yield<br />
*# Promoterless GFP showed no growth<br />
* Conducted digestions of the following: (yielded 2x volume)<br />
*# RBS with SpeI<br />
*# Promoter 102 with SpeI <br />
*# Upps 1 with XbaI<br />
*# Promoterless GFP with XbaI<br />
* Conducted ligations of the following using digestion with 1x volume of EcoRI: (yielded 2x volume)<br />
*# Promoter 102-Upps 1<br />
*# Promoter 102-Promoterless GFP<br />
*# RBS-Upps 4<br />
*# Ribosome Binding Site-Kill gene<br />
* Ran 1x volume on gel to purify and gel extract target band<br />
* Transformed the above in DH5α using standard heat shock protocol<br />
* Observed the PCR site mutagenesis yielded no colonies<br />
<br />
==== Friday, 28th =====<br />
* Observed that Ribosome Binding Site-Kill gene worked and everything else did not <br />
* Conducted minicultures for the following: <br />
*# Ribosome Bidning Site-Kill gene<br />
*# Promoterless GFP with Kan resistance<br />
*# Upps 1<br />
*# Upps 4<br />
* Conducted digestions of the following: <br />
*# Upps 1 with XbaI<br />
*# Inducible Promoter with SpeI<br />
*# Upps 1 with EcoRI/SpeI<br />
*# Upps 4 with XbaI/PstI<br />
*# pSB1A3 (linearized DNA) with EcoRI/PstI<br />
*# pSB3T5 with EcoRI/PstI<br />
* Conducted ligations of the following:<br />
*# Promoter 100-Upps 1<br />
*# Promoter 101-Upps 1<br />
*# Promoter 102-Upps 1<br />
*# Inducible Promoter-Upps 1<br />
*# Promoter 102-promoterless GFP<br />
*# Upps 1-Upps 4-pSB1A3<br />
*# Upp1-Upp4-pSB3T5<br />
* Transformed the above ligated products into DH5α using heat shock protocol<br />
<br />
==== Saturday, 29th ====<br />
* Observed that Promoter 102-GFP worked and everythign else did not<br />
* Conducted digestions of the following:<br />
*# Upps 1 with EcoRI&SpeI<br />
*# Upps 4-Kill with XbaI&PstI<br />
*# Upps 4-Upps 6 with XbaI&PstI<br />
*# pSB1C3-J04450 with EcoRI&PstI<br />
* Conducted ligations of the following:<br />
*# Upps 1-Upps 4-Kill gene-pSB1C3 destination plasmid<br />
*# Upps 1-Upps 4-Upps6-pSB1C3 destination plasmid<br />
* Transformed the above ligated products into DH5α using a heat shock protocol<br />
* Transformed the following into JM109:<br />
*# Promoter 100-Upps 1<br />
*# Promoter 101-Upps 1<br />
*# Promoter 102-Upps 1<br />
*# Inducible Promoter-Upps 1<br />
<br />
</div><br />
== October, 2012 ==<br />
<div class="content-body-box"><br />
==== Monday, 1st ====<br />
* Observed that all of the plates grew colonies<br />
* Prepared minicultures of the following:<br />
*# Upps 1-Upps 4-Kill gene-pSB1C3 destination plasmid <br />
*# Upps 1-Upps 4-Upps 6-pSB1C3 destination plasmid<br />
*# Promoter 102-Upps 1 <br />
*# Inducible promoter-Upps 1<br />
<br />
==== Tuesday, 2nd ====<br />
* Isolated following plasmids by following standard plasmid isolation protocol and submitted parts:<br />
*# pSB1C3-FphA<br />
*# Upps 4-Kill gene<br />
*# Upps 1-Upps 4-Kill gene<br />
*# Upps 1-Upps 4-Upps 6<br />
*# Promoter 102-Upps 1<br />
*# Inducible promoter-Upps 1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</div></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts Submitted
2012-10-04T03:28:12Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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= Parts Submitted =<br />
<br />
<br />
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<style type="text/css"><br />
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<td><a href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K952000">BBa_K952000</a> </td><br />
<td>Protein_Domain</td><br />
<td>Phytochrome FphA - first 753 amino acids (Frieburg)</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><a href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K952001">BBa_K952001</a></td><br />
<td>Composite</td><br />
<td>PfixK2-Bacteriophage Lysis Cassette</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><a href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K952002">BBa_K952002</a></td><br />
<td>Composite</td><br />
<td>B0034-YF1-B0034-FixJ-PfixK2-Lysis Cassette</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><a href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K952003">BBa_K952003</a></td><br />
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<td>B0034-YF1-B0034-FixJ-PfixK2-amilGFP</td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><a href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K952004">BBa_K952004</a></td><br />
<td>Composite</td><br />
<td>constitutive promoter-B0034-YF1-B0034-FixJ</td><br />
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<td><a href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K952005">BBa_K952005</a></td><br />
<td>Composite</td><br />
<td>IPTG inducible promoter-B0034-YF1-B0034-FixJ </td><br />
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<td>Composite</td><br />
<td>const. promoter-B0034-YF1-B0034-FixJ-PfixK2-Lysis Cassette </td><br />
</tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td><a href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K952007">BBa_K952007</a></td><br />
<td>Composite</td><br />
<td>IPTG induc. promoter-B0034-YF1-B0034-FixJ-PfixK2-Lysis Cassette</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
</body><br />
<br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References
2012-10-04T03:27:43Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References">References</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
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= References =<br />
<br />
<br />
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<p><br />
<b>1.</b> Brandt S, von Stetten D, Günther M, Hildebrandt P, Frankenberg-Dinkel N. The Fungal Phytochrome FphA from Aspergillus nidulans. <i>J Biol Chem</i>. 2008; 283: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;34605–34614<br />
<br />
<br><br><b>2.</b> Shimizu-Sato S., Huq E., Tepperman J. M., Quail P. H. A light-switchable gene promoter system. <i>Nat. Biotechnol.</i> 2002; 20: 1041–1044. <br />
<br />
<br><br><b>3.</b> Valdes J, Pedroso I, Quatrini R, Dodson RJ, Tettelin H, Blake R 2nd, Eisen JA, Holmes DS. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans metabolism: from genome sequence to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industrial applications. <i>BMC Genomics</i>. 2008; 9: 597<br />
<br />
<br><br><b>4.</b> Hocheng H., Chang J., Jadhav U. Micromachining of various metals by using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 13820 culture supernatant experiments. <i>Journal of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cleaner Production.</i> 2012;20:180-185<br />
<br />
<br><br><b>5.</b> Levskaya A, Chevalier AA, Tabor JJ, Simpson ZB, Lavery LA, Levy M, Davidson EA, Scouras A, Ellington AD, Marcotte EM, Voigt CA. Synthetic biology: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Engineering Escherichia coli to see light. <i>Nature</i>. 2005; 438: 441–442<br />
<br />
<br><br><b>6.</b> Möglich A, Ayers RA, Moffat K. Design and signaling mechanism of light-regulated histidine kinases. <i>J Mol Biol</i>. 2009; 385: 1433–1444<br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Future_Directions
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Future Directions
2012-10-04T03:27:17Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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= Future Directions =<br />
<br />
While our team learned a lot over the course of iGEM 2012, we still face a number of obstacles, which we hope to overcome in the near future. Our list of future goals includes:<br />
* Fusing FphA with other histidine kinase domains in order to build a precise, tightly controlled, photoreversible red light sensitive promoter system<br />
* Refining and solidifying a protocol for effective transformation of A. ferrooxidans<br />
* Modifying pJRD215 (the plasmid which we have been using with A. ferrooxidans), and possibly constructing a viable plasmid of our own design<br />
* Fine tuning our etching media in order to better facilitate our overall goal of creating an easy to use, easy to access, green process for the manufacture of printed circuit boards<br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Data_and_Conclusions
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Data and Conclusions
2012-10-04T03:26:35Z
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= Data and Conclusions =<br />
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The liquid media that Ferrooxidans thrive in is acidic so the copper team first started working on proving that the bacteria are doing the etching, not just the media. Our initial results were somewhat inconclusive, however the data showed that at certain time intervals the bacteria etched faster than the basal rate (see work from 7/7-7/17 on [https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1 Copper Etching] page under Results):<br />
[[File:table2.png|600px|thumb|center|Figure 1]]<br />
<br />
By furthur refining our experiments as described in the cooper notebook we were able to show that copper is in fact etched faster in the presence of A. Ferrooxidans than the basal rate of etching by the acidic liquid media (see the work done 7/18-7/22 on [https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1 Copper Etching] page under Results):<br />
[[File:table1.png|600px|thumb|center|Figure 2]]<br />
<br />
From this data we were able to conclude the following copper consumption rates:<br />
[[File:table3.png|600px|thumb|center|Figure 3]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The Copper team has further refined their experiments by adding more controls and nuances to the existing experiments in order to collect more refined data which is detailed in the notebook, however the major results are summarized here.<br />
<br />
The genetics group has submitted each of the following plasmids to the parts registry:<br />
[[File:plasmid01.png|300px|center]]<br />
.<br />
[[File:plasmid02.png|300px|center]]<br />
.<br />
[[File:plasmid03.png|300px|center]]<br />
.<br />
[[File:plasmid04.png|300px|center]]<br />
.<br />
[[File:plasmid05.png|300px|center]]<br />
.<br />
[[File:plasmid06.png|300px|center]]<br />
.<br />
We plan to characterize parts BBa_K952006 and BBa_K952007 in ecoli.<br />
<br />
[[File:plasmid07.png|300px|center]]<br />
<br />
For BBa_K95006 we can grow the cells in the absence of IPTG, then add the IPTG and shine blue light onto the culture to induce expression of the lysis cassette killing the cells. We will run 2 controls, the first we will add IPTG but keep the cells in the dark and the second we will shine blue light on the cells in the absence of IPTG. Neither of the controls should cause apoptosis while the culture with both promotors present should.<br />
<br />
[[File:plasmid08.png|300px|center]]<br />
<br />
For BBa_K95007 we do not have the addition IPTG promotor present so we will grow the cells in the absence of light, then shine blue light on it to cause cell death. As controls we can attempt to grow the cells in the ambient light of the lab, under red light, and then shine blue light on these cultures if they grow. This is provide information on how sensative the system is to blue light. Ideally the cells would be able to grow in the ambient light of the lab with out inducing cell lysis however we do not expect this to be the case.</div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Overview
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Overview
2012-10-04T03:26:08Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<br />
= Overview =<br />
<br />
[[File:overview.jpg|600px|center]]<br />
<br />
In deciding on a project to work on for iGEM, Cooper Union and Columbia University students looked for something that was both relevant in the modern world and environmentally friendly, while minimizing safety concerns regarding any proposed ideas. It was brought to the team’s attention that current electronics manufacturing processes are harmful to the environment (1). With this in mind, the team came up with a synthetic biology approach to etch copper in order to redefine the manufacturing of printed circuit boards.<br />
<br />
While brainstorming ideas, we came across Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, an acidophilic prokaryote that oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+. The oxidized iron can then oxidize the copper. When copper is oxidized, it becomes soluble. This means that circuit boards can be printed provided the ability to exert spatial control over these chemical reactions.<br />
<br />
The following question ensued: what would provide the ability to exert spatial control over copper oxidation on a circuit board? Light is non-intrusive, cheap, and widely available. Furthermore, light can be manipulated easily in terms of wavelength and resolution. By inserting a light-activated mechanism, the bacteria could etch in the desired pattern by turning a gene on or off.<br />
<br />
What gene would allow controlled etching? If light activated a gene that induced cell death through lysis, the bacteria that survived would continue to etch away at the copper while the dead bacteria would stop etching. This would achieve what was desired: spatially controlled etching.<br />
<br />
(1)Yale iGEM Team 2010 https://2010.igem.org/Team:Yale/Our_Project/Applications<br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Universities
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Universities
2012-10-04T03:25:30Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<br />
= '''[http://www.columbia.edu Columbia University]''' =<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Alma_Mater.jpg|center|link=http://www.columbia.edu]]<br />
<br />
<p>Columbia University is a distinctive and distinguished learning environment for undergraduates and graduate students in many professional fields. As part of the Ivy League and because of its location in New York City, it attracts a diverse faculty and student body from all over the world. With many research opportunities available for students, several undergraduates from Columbia University have partnered with students at The Cooper Union to work on a synthetic biology competition (iGEM) over the summer of 2012. Under the help and supervision of Scott A. Banta, an associate professor in the department of Chemical Engineering in The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, the undergraduates were able to work in his lab over the summer and receive funding for their project.</p><br />
<br />
= '''[http://www.cooper.edu The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art]''' =<br />
<br />
[[Image:Cooperwiki.jpg|center|link=http://www.cooper.edu]]<br />
<br />
<p>The majority of the members of this team are "ChemE" undergraduates at the '''Cooper Union'''. Cooper, located in East Village, Manhattan, is a small college (less than 300 students per grade), highly selective (acceptance rates are near 8%), and contains 3 schools: Art, Architecture, and Engineering. Within the engineering school are five majors: Chemical, civil, electrical, mechanical (these four are ABET-accredited B.E.'s), and B.S.E. (meant for those who wish to practice in a field related to engineering, like patent law or medicine). Since Peter Cooper founded the college in 1859, all undergraduates have and continue to receive a full-tuition scholarship upon attending. Adjunct professor David Orbach, who teaches biology courses at Cooper, set up both this year's and last year's iGEM team. Technician Dionne Lutz operates a lab at Cooper called the "Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering" and provided both her expertise and the lab for our team's use.</p><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators
2012-10-04T03:24:25Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team">Biographies</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators">Facilitators</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Universities">The University(s)</a><br />
<a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012">Official Profile</a><br />
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</li><br />
<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m3')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Project</a><br />
<div id="m3" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Overview">Overview</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Data_and_Conclusions">Data and Conclusions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Future_Directions">Future Directions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References">References</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m4')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Parts</a><br />
<div id="m4" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">Parts Submitted</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m5')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Lab Notebook</a><br />
<div id="m5" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_2">Genetics</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m6')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Human Practice</a><br />
<div id="m6" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach">Outreach</a><br />
</div><br />
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<li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety" onmouseover="mopen('m7')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Safety</a><br />
<div id="m7" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety">Safety</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m8')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Sponsors</a><br />
<div id="m8" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Main_Page" onmouseover="mopen('m9')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">iGEM</a><br />
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<h2>'''Advisors'''</h2><br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Advisor_1.png|200px|right]]<br />
'''Scott A. Banta''': <br />
<p>Scott Banta received his PhD from Rutgers University in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and he went on to a postdoctoral fellowship at the Center for Engineering in Medicine at Harvard Medical School. He is currently an Associate Professor in Chemical Engineering at Columbia University and his research is focused on applied protein and metabolic engineering. His group works on different projects in gene and drug delivery, protein and peptide conformational behavior, biomolecular recognition, biosensors, biocatalysis, bioelectrocatalysis, and bioenergy applications. In his scant spare time he enjoys dominating his fantasy football leagues.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Advisor_2.png|200px|left]]<br />
'''David Orbach''': <br />
<p>David Orbach joined Cooper Union in the summer of 2008 with a BS in Agricultural and Biological Engineering from Cornell University and a MS in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Rochester. Before joining Cooper he also earned an MD, did an intern year, and developed an interest in improving efficiency and patient throughput in the Emergency Room setting. He teaches several biology and biomedical engineering courses, including cell and molecular biology, physiology, and microbiology; helps direct the Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering; and serves as the college’s pre-medical advisor. Outside of Cooper, David now helps create iPhone apps and workbooks for children. See www.Brain-go.com.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Laboratory_Technician_1.png|200px|right]] <br />
'''Dionne Lutz, Laboratory Technician''': <br />
<p>Dionne loves working as the technician for the Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering at Cooper Union. She enjoys having a biology-centric prospective in an engineering environment. An avid knitter, she also spends her time making cookies and playing Minecraft.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Ph.D._Student_2.png|200px|left]]<br />
'''Sudipta Majumdar, Ph.D. Student''':<br />
<p>Sudipta Majumdar is a research scientist at the Columbia University Chemical Engineering Department pursuing his interest of the application of biochemistry for the development of next generation biofuels. Before coming to Columbia he went to Wesleyan University and University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and received his PhD in <br />
Chemistry.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Ph.D._Student_3.png|200px|right]]<br />
'''Kevin Dooley, Ph.D. Student''':<br />
<p>Kevin is a Ph.D candidate in chemical engineering at Columbia University.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Ph.D._Student_4.png|200x|left]]<br />
'''Tushar Patel, Ph.D. Student''':<br />
<p>Tushar Patel is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering at Columbia University under Dr. Scott Banta. His work focuses around the development of heterogeneous biocatalysts for applications such as carbon capture, biofuel production, and biosensing. His previous research experience has involved studying novel drug delivery modalities, antibacterial coatings for medical devices, glucose sensing nano-optodes, and human biochemical markers. On the rare occasion that he finds free time, Tushar enjoys watching Boston sports, playing Ultimate, and playing video games.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Grad_Student_1.png|200px|right]]<br />
'''Jason Candreva, Research Associate''': <br />
<p>Jason Candreva received his M.S. in Chemical Engineering from Columbia University in December of 2011. He completed research towards his Master’s degree in Dr. Scott Banta’s lab, focusing on the characterization of hydrogel protein erosion for biomedical applications. Upon completion of his degree, he was hired to work on a biofuel project in Dr. Scott Banta’s lab at Columbia, helping to genetically modify Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to produce isobutanol in a bioreactor. On the weekends, Jason manages a slow pitch softball team that has yet to win any championships, despite making the playoffs in each of the last three seasons. He also enjoys playing golf, snowboarding, and watching baseball, football, and basketball.</p><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
2012-10-04T03:23:59Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012&team_name=Columbia-Cooper-NYC Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Project|Project]]<br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team">Biographies</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators">Facilitators</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Universities">The University(s)</a><br />
<a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012">Official Profile</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Overview">Overview</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Data_and_Conclusions">Data and Conclusions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Future_Directions">Future Directions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References">References</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m4')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Parts</a><br />
<div id="m4" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">Parts Submitted</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m5')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Lab Notebook</a><br />
<div id="m5" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_2">Genetics</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach">Outreach</a><br />
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<div id="m7" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety">Safety</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
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<h2>'''Undergraduates'''</h2><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_1.jpg|150px|right]]<br />
'''Adam Cerini''': <p>The organism “Adam cerini” is a species of civil engineering student. The Cooper Union is his natural habitat, although he has been observed to migrate to Huntington, NY during the summer months. He appears to have matured to the “sophomore” level. One marked feature of Cerini is his intelligence, a characteristic shared by many species in the engineering family. This feature is suspected to be the cause of his interests in civil engineering, architecture, biochemistry, nanotechnology, environmental science, and biomimicry. Cerini has been shown to undertake complex projects of various types and levels of success, such as mimicking cuttlefish camouflage with LCD’s, constructing a marimba from PVC pipes, designing a bamboo hut for refugees, building an electronic game via breadboards, composing electronic music, and most recently, genetically modifying bacteria for iGEM.</p> <br />
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<br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_2.jpg|150px|left]]<br />
'''Marjana Chowdhury''': <p>Despite being from the bustling streets of New York City, Marjana was born to live in the wild. This nature lover and rising sophomore intends to major in Environmental Biology at Columbia University. In the past, Marjana's research has scaled a size spectrum ranging from immense invasive species to minuscule endangered species. As part of the Columbia-Cooper iGEM team, she is excited about her newest and smallest challenge yet, microorganisms.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_4.jpg|150px|right]]<br />
'''Ciera Lowe''': <p>Ciera is a rising junior at The Cooper Union majoring in chemical engineering with a minor in biomedical engineering. She joined the iGEM team because this competition provides an amazing opportunity to gain hands on experience in synthetic biology, an exciting field full of potential to improve the world we live in. In addition to her studies, Ciera keeps busy by playing foosball on Cooper’s newly acquired table, playing basketball with Cooper’s women’s team or organizing events with the engineering student council and Cooper’s National Society of Black Engineers chapter.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_5.jpg|150px|left]]<br />
'''Anna Mai''': <p>Anna Mai is a rising junior majoring in chemical engineering at Columbia University, with a minor in environmental engineering. She joined IGEM because it presented an interesting medium for interacting with engineers around the world and providing hands on experience in the highly applicable field of synthetic biology. In her spare time she enjoys playing ultimate Frisbee, building paper crafts, and serenading her neighbors (not well).</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_11.jpg|150px|right]]<br />
'''Yuta Makita''': <p>Yuta Makita is a rising sophomore at the Cooper Union. He is studying Chemical Engineering and has joined the iGEM team with an interest in research based study, the process of synthetic biology and the microscopic world. In addition to his academic studies, he enjoys taking part in orchestra related activities by playing the viola.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_6.jpg|150px|left]]<br />
'''Nicholas Mannarino''': <p>Nicholas Mannarino is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying chemical engineering, with a hope to specialize in biomedical engineering and biotechnology. He joined IGEM because it seemed like a great way to spend a summer getting acquainted with a field he is interested in. In his spare time, Nicholas enjoys playing the guitar and long-distance running.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_7.jpg|150px|right]]<br />
'''Aakash Mansukhani''': <p>When he’s not obsessively watching American Idol videos or playing tunes on his guitar, Aakash Mansukhani studies chemical engineering at Columbia University. As a rising sophomore, Aakash hopes that participating in IGEM will help him learn more about how principles from chemical engineering and synthetic biology can be combined to program bacteria. In his free time, Aakash loves to sing and reinvent pop songs by putting his own acoustic spin on them.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_15.jpg|150px|left]]<br />
'''Joeseph Mercedes''': <p>Joseph Mercedes is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is majoring in Electrical Engineering. Although iGEM isn’t directly related to his major, it seems like a great opportunity to broaden his knowledge in another field and unify multiple engineering disciplines. In his spare time, Joe enjoys playing tennis and billiards.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_8.jpg|150px|right]]<br />
'''Steven Neuhaus''': <p>Steven Neuhaus is a rising sophomore who studies chemical engineering at The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. He’s quite fond of the idea of using little things to solve big problems, and joined iGEM because it provides a tremendous opportunity to do just that (and also time to play in the lab!). Steven also enjoys pointing out that writing about oneself in the third person is extremely awkward, is interested in most things that are interesting, and if you show him something cool, he’s usually more than glad to run with it.</p> <br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_9.jpg|150px|left]]<br />
'''Kirsten Nicassio''': <p>Kirsten Nicassio just finished her freshman year at The Cooper Union. She is majoring in chemical engineering, with an intended math minor. She joined IGEM because of interest in the field of biomedical engineering. In her spare time, Kirsten enjoys reading, knitting, and swimming.</p><br />
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<br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_10.jpg|150px|right]]<br />
'''Udochukwu (Ud) Okorafor''': <p>Ud Okorafor is a rising senior at Columbia University. He is majoring in chemical engineering and has interests in protein engineering and pharmaceuticals. He joined IGEM because he enjoyed the research he had done previously on genetic engineering of E. coli. In his spare time, he enjoys playing various sports, reading science fiction books, and watching movies.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_12.jpg|150px|left]]<br />
'''Saimon Sharif''': <p>Saimon is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying Chemical Engineering and intends to minor in Mathematics. He joined IGEM because it gives him the opportunity to apply engineering and creativity to biology. In his spare time, Saimon enjoys listening to alternative rock and watching science fiction television shows.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_16.jpg|150px|right]]<br />
'''Jeffery Xu''': <p>Jeffrey is a rising sophomore Chemical Engineering student at Cooper and an aspiring chemical/biomedical engineer. He hopes to discover a lot about current research and advancements in the biomedical field, and believes IGEM offers many opportunities to learn from and contribute to. During the (little) time he has when he is not breathing chemistry and understanding the vast enigmas of the applied sciences, he enjoys playing the violin, traveling and catching up with friends.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_13.png|150px|left]]<br />
'''Vincent Xu''': <p>Vincent is a rising senior at Columbia University majoring in chemical engineering and minoring in applied mathematics. He is more interested in computational modeling than lab work and has been doing research in the applied math department since the summer of his freshman year. He decided to join IGEM because he thinks that it’s a good chance to learn something about biology, which is a subject he hasn’t studied since high school, and to get involved in any computational or modeling work. In addition to enjoying popular activities that college students engage in, such as eating and sleeping, Vincent does ballroom dancing.</p><br />
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<h2>'''High School Students'''</h2><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_14.jpg|150px|right]]<br />
'''Richard Shi''': <p>Richard Shi is a high school research student at Jericho High School. He had previously studied and written a paper based on the Dye Sensitized Solar Cell at Farmingdale University. He joined iGEM to vary his exposure to different sciences (moving from the engineering sciences to synthetic biology) and hopes to collect data for the upcoming Intel STS competition. He hopes to bring much to the table, despite being in high school.</p><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Main
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Main
2012-10-04T03:23:33Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<div style="width:950px; background-color:#5C3317;" class="secheader">The Project</div><br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;"><br />
The Columbia-Cooper iGEM team is working with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to create a light-controlled printed circuit board manufacturing process. This bacteria’s metabolism relies on its ability to oxidize iron; the iron can then be used to oxidize, and in turn solubilize, copper. By genetically altering the bacteria, we will install a light sensitive mechanism which will enable controlled copper etching, leaving a finished circuit board. Once a blank printed circuit board is placed in a thin layer of solid media, the bacteria will be applied onto the surface of the media and light of the appropriate wavelength will be focused on it in a desired pattern. The light sensitive mechanism in A. ferrooxidans will activate a self-destructing mechanism preventing copper etching in these locations. In the end, the circuit board will be "etched" by the bacteria everywhere that is not illuminated, leaving a desired pattern on the circuit board under the cells in the path of the light. Click <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Overview">here</a> for details. </p><br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;"> The <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://igem.org/Main_Page">International Genetically Engineered Machine competition (iGEM)</a> is the premiere undergraduate Synthetic Biology competition. Student teams are given a kit of biological parts from the <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://partsregistry.org/Main_Page">Registry of Standard Biological Parts</a>. Working at their own schools over the summer, they use these and new parts of their own design to build biological systems and operate them in living cells. This project design and competition format is an exceptionally motivating and effective teaching method.</p><br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;">Our Genetics Team was responsible for designing and implementing a series of genes which would allow us to exert light based spatial control of apoptosis in E.coli, and eventually transition into A. ferrooxidans. This design includes the expression of a light sensor, which, when exposed to specific wavelengths of light, triggers transcription of a lysis cassette. A few of the parts which we experimented with are <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K952000">BBa_K952000</a>, <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K592016">BBa_K592016</a>, and <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K124017">BBa_K124017</a>.<br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:77%;"> Our project is to revamp a chemical and mechanical manufacturing process, so in addition to working with DNA, we also worked on macro-scale batches of copper foil, the bacteria A. ferrooxidans. Using our liquid media, we were able to grow ferrooxidans and simultaneously etch copper foil much faster than the basal rate (i.e. copper in the liquid media without ferrooxidans). Since our PCB manufacturing process requires the ferrooxidans to "stay put", we have been developing a solid agar-based media, on which the ferrooxidans grow, and below which the copper is etched, again faster than the basal rate. Click <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">here</a> for details</a>.<br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;"> Our team submitted multiple composite parts, which were built from preexisting Biobricks and used in our project. We also submitted a novel red light sensing protein domain, FphA753s, which was constructed to conform to the RFC25 – Freiburg fusion standard, and is intended for future use to allow light based control of transcription. Click<br />
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<a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">here</a> for a full list of our submitted parts.</p><br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;"> Our team organized a booth at the 2012 Maker Faire in New York City to share the work we've been doing with the public. We also made 3 interactive games to teach children about recombinant DNA and the various forms of bacterial transformation. Click <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach">here</a> for more info.</a><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Security
Security
2012-10-04T03:17:12Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<b>Preventing Malign Use </b><br />
<br><br><br />
Securing biology is not a simple task. It is not something those outside biology could, or should, do alone. Equally, this is not something that biologists can do by themselves (our focus, as the name implies is on the biology). This is a truly interdisciplinary problem - one that means we will need to work together, in new ways, with new partners, to find an approach that provides benefits for all. Given the interdisciplinary nature of synthetic biology, and the experience the community has in drawing in people from different backgrounds, we are well placed to position ourselves in the vanguard of those thinking about how science interacts with society and to help write the rules which will govern this ‘century of biology’. <br />
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<td width=45% valign=Top bgcolor="#B2D0B4"> <br />
<br><br />
As a participant in iGEM, there are three things you can do right now to help us secure our science:<br />
<br><br><br />
<ol><br />
<li>Fully answer the safety questions that demonstrates that you have thought about how others could misuse your work</li><br />
<li>Contribute to community discussions on what needs to go into a code against the use of our science for hostile purposes (see A Community Response)</li><br />
<li>Look into what security provisions, such as laws and regulations, are already in place in your country (see Working within the Law)</li><br />
</ol><br />
</td><br />
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</table><br />
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<br><br />
<hr><br />
<br><br />
</div></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Main
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Main
2012-10-04T03:05:47Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<div style="width:950px; background-color:#5C3317;" class="secheader">The Project</div><br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;"><br />
The Columbia-Cooper iGEM team is working with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to create a light-controlled printed circuit board manufacturing process. This bacteria’s metabolism relies on its ability to oxidize iron; the iron can then be used to oxidize, and in turn solubilize, copper. By genetically altering the bacteria, we will install a light sensitive mechanism which will enable controlled copper etching, leaving a finished circuit board. Once a blank printed circuit board is placed in a thin layer of solid media, the bacteria will be applied onto the surface of the media and light of the appropriate wavelength will be focused on it in a desired pattern. The light sensitive mechanism in A. ferrooxidans will activate a self-destructing mechanism preventing copper etching in these locations. In the end, the circuit board will be "etched" by the bacteria everywhere that is not illuminated, leaving a desired pattern on the circuit board under the cells in the path of the light. Click <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Overview">here</a> for details. </p><br />
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<div id="lefttop" style="background:#B87333; background-image:url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/a/ad/Cam-Gradient-Overlay.png');" class="secheader">iGEM</div><br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;"> The <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://igem.org/Main_Page">International Genetically Engineered Machine competition (iGEM)</a> is the premiere undergraduate Synthetic Biology competition. Student teams are given a kit of biological parts from the <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://partsregistry.org/Main_Page">Registry of Standard Biological Parts</a>. Working at their own schools over the summer, they use these and new parts of their own design to build biological systems and operate them in living cells. This project design and competition format is an exceptionally motivating and effective teaching method.</p><br />
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<div id="ccontent" style="background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#f2f2f2), to(#f8f8f8)); <br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;">Our Genetics Team was responsible for designing and implementing a series of genes which would allow us to exert light based spatial control of apoptosis in E.coli, and eventually transition into A. ferrooxidans. This design includes the expression of a light sensor, which, when exposed to specific wavelengths of light, triggers transcription of a lysis cassette. A few of the parts which we experimented with are <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K952000">BBa_K952000</a>, <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K592016">BBa_K592016</a>, and <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K124017">BBa_K124017</a>.<br />
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<div id="rtop" style="background:#B87333;background-image:url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/a/ad/Cam-Gradient-Overlay.png')" class="secheader">Copper Etching</div><br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:77%;"> Our project is to revamp a chemical and mechanical manufacturing process, so in addition to working with DNA, we also worked on macro-scale batches of copper foil, the bacteria A. ferrooxidans. Using our liquid media, we were able to grow ferrooxidans and simultaneously etch copper foil much faster than the basal rate (i.e. copper in the liquid media without ferrooxidans). Since our PCB manufacturing process requires the ferrooxidans to "stay put", we have been developing a solid agar-based media, on which the ferrooxidans grow, and below which the copper is etched, again faster than the basal rate. Click <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">here</a> for details</a>.<br />
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<div id="lefttop" style="background:#238E23; background-image:url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/a/ad/Cam-Gradient-Overlay.png');" class="secheader">Biobrick</div><br />
<div id="leftcontent" style="background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#f2f2f2), to(#f8f8f8)); <br />
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #f2f2f2, #f8f8f8); color:#333333; height:250px;"><br />
<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;"> Our team submitted multiple composite parts, which were built from preexisting Biobricks and used in our project. We also submitted a novel red light sensing protein domain, FphA753s, which was constructed to conform to the RFC25 – Freiburg fusion standard, and is intended for future use to allow light based control of transcription. Click<br />
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<a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">here</a> for a full list of our submitted parts.</p><br />
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<div id="ctop" style="background:#B87333;background-image:url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/a/ad/Cam-Gradient-Overlay.png')" class="secheader">Outreach</div><br />
<div id="ccontent" style="background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#f2f2f2), to(#f8f8f8)); <br />
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<p style="line-height:140%; padding-left:10px; padding-top:10px; padding-right:10px;text-align:justify; font-size:90%;"> Our team organized a booth at the 2012 Maker Faire in New York City to share the work we've been doing with the public. We also made 3 interactive games to teach children about recombinant DNA and the various forms of bacterial transformation. Click <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach">here</a> for more info.</a><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach
2012-10-04T03:03:34Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team">Biographies</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">Parts Submitted</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
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<br />
= Outreach =<br />
[[File:Maker7.gif|600px|thumb|center|Our table at Maker Faire NYC 2012]]<br />
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Check out Maker Faire's <a style="color:#6bbe00 !important" href="http://blog.makezine.com/2012/09/20/using-microbes-to-etch-pcbs/">Makezine blog</a> on our project! </p><br />
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[[File:penny.jpg|100px|thumb|left|Normal Penny]][[File:Etched Penny.jpg|100px|thumb|left|A Penny Etched by Ferrooxidans]][[File:Source Cells.jpg|115px|thumb|right|Our Source Cells]] [[File:Electroporation.jpg|115px|thumb|right|Our Electroporation Game]] <br />
This year Columbia- Cooper iGEM hosted a table at the 2012 Maker Faire in New York City. Our table featured posters explaining both the genetic and chemical aspects of out project, games to teach children about recombinant DNA and bacterial transformation as well as pennies etched by our A. Ferrooxidans with the letter "C" to represent each of our schools as well as the chemical symbol for copper.<br />
<br />
Each of our games contained plastic spheres which represented cells and a strip of blue, yellow and orange DNA. We explained to the kids that we took DNA out of our source cells, cut out the parts we wanted and put them back together in a new combination. Now we need the kids help to put our new DNA into a cell so it can be used. In the conjugation game the 2 cells were connected by a plastic tube and the goal was to move the DNA from one cell to the other. In the electroporation game the kids used a wand with a magnet on the end to slide the recombinant DNA through one of the large pores into our cell. As the kids worked on the game we had a chance to explain to their parents that in the lab we do this by shocking the cells with 1800 volts. Finally our chemical transformation game involved throwing the DNA into our competent cells. In order to help keep the DNA in the cell rather than sliding right out we attached a small magnet to the bottom on the DNA and put a piece of metal between the cell and the base.<br />
[[File:Chemical Transfomration.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Our Chemical Transformation Game]][[File:conjugation.jpg|150px|thumb|center|Our Conjugation Game]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Maker2.gif|225px|left| ]] [[File:Maker3.gif|225px|center| ]]<br />
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<center>Thank you to everyone who stopped by our booth! Our team appreciated the opportunity to share the work we've done as well as everyone who wished us luck over the next few weeks as we complete our project.</center></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements
2012-10-04T01:33:48Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<br />
= Acknowledgements =<br />
<br />
Adam Cerini: Copper team, research, Maker Faire<br />
<br />
Marjana Chowdhury: Wiki team co-captain, Copper team<br />
<br />
Ciera Lowe: Genetics team, Maker Faire captain, Wiki team<br />
<br />
Anna Mai: Copper team<br />
<br />
Yuta Makita: Wiki team co-captain, Genetics team<br />
<br />
Nicholas Mannarino: Genetics team<br />
<br />
Aakash Mansukhani: Copper team<br />
<br />
Joeseph Mercedes: Copper team<br />
<br />
Richard Shi: Copper team<br />
<br />
Steven Neuhaus: Genetics team co-captain, research, Wiki team<br />
<br />
Kirsten Nicassio: Genetics team co-captain, wiki team<br />
<br />
Udochukwu (Ud) Okorafor: Copper team, Wiki team, Maker Faire<br />
<br />
Saimon Sharif: Genetics team co-captain, research, liaison<br />
<br />
Jeffery Xu: Copper team<br />
<br />
Vincent Xu: Copper team captain, Wiki team, Maker Faire<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A special thanks to the following iGEM teams and people:<br />
*Dr. Scott Banta for over seeing our project, providing invaluable advice and allowing us to work in his lab at Columbia<br />
*Dr. David Orbach for over seeing our project, consistently generating new ideas or approaches to our goal and allowing us to work in the Kanbar lab at Cooper<br />
*Dionne Lutz for walking the genetic team through countless protocols, supervising our work in the Kanbar lab, helping organize our Maker Faire table and providing much needed motivation and optimism throughout the many failures we faced<br />
*Sudipta Majumdar for helping us construct plasmids and patiently teaching us new protocols<br />
*Kevin Dooley for help with expression experiments, providing us with a GFP gene and identifying and removing cut sights within our biobrick and answering questions as we became acquainted with Dr. Banta's lab<br />
*Tushar Patel for providing us with a GFP gene and answering questions as we became acquainted with Dr. Banta's lab<br />
*Jason Candreva for being extremely patient with us, teaching us various transformation protocols with ecoli and ferrooxidans and answering every question we threw at him<br />
* iGEM Team Uppsala University for sending us the following parts: BBa_K592004, BBa_K592005, BBa_K592006, BBa_K592009, BBa_K592010, and BBa_K592016<br />
* iGEM Team ETH Zurich for sending us E. coli codon-optimized Pif3 and PhyB<br />
* Dr. Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel for her advice and for sending plasmids pASK-fphAN753s and pTDho1</div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-03T07:27:32Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-03T07:22:45Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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<h2>Columbia & Cooper 2012 Team</h2><br />
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<h2>The Effects of A. ferrooxidans</h2><br />
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<h2>Maker Faire (Copyright © Andrew Cribb)</h2><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-03T07:04:11Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
2012-10-03T04:17:42Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
<hr />
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!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012&team_name=Columbia-Cooper-NYC Official Team Profile]<br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team">Biographies</a><br />
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<h2>'''Undergraduates'''</h2><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_1.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Adam Cerini''': <p>The organism “Adam cerini” is a species of civil engineering student. The Cooper Union is his natural habitat, although he has been observed to migrate to Huntington, NY during the summer months. He appears to have matured to the “sophomore” level. One marked feature of Cerini is his intelligence, a characteristic shared by many species in the engineering family. This feature is suspected to be the cause of his interests in civil engineering, architecture, biochemistry, nanotechnology, environmental science, and biomimicry. Cerini has been shown to undertake complex projects of various types and levels of success, such as mimicking cuttlefish camouflage with LCD’s, constructing a marimba from PVC pipes, designing a bamboo hut for refugees, building an electronic game via breadboards, composing electronic music, and most recently, genetically modifying bacteria for iGEM.</p> <br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_2.jpg|190px|left]]<br />
'''Marjana Chowdhury''': <p>Despite being from the bustling streets of New York City, Marjana was born to live in the wild. This nature lover and rising sophomore intends to major in Environmental Biology at Columbia University. In the past, Marjana's research has scaled a size spectrum ranging from immense invasive species to minuscule endangered species. As part of the Columbia-Cooper iGEM team, she is excited about her newest and smallest challenge yet, microorganisms.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_4.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Ciera Lowe''': <p>Ciera is a rising junior at The Cooper Union majoring in chemical engineering with a minor in biomedical engineering. She joined the iGEM team because this competition provides an amazing opportunity to gain hands on experience in synthetic biology, an exciting field full of potential to improve the world we live in. In addition to her studies, Ciera keeps busy by playing foosball on Cooper’s newly acquired table, playing basketball with Cooper’s women’s team or organizing events with the engineering student council and Cooper’s National Society of Black Engineers chapter.</p><br />
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<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_5.jpg|190px|left]]<br />
'''Anna Mai''': <p>Anna Mai is a rising junior majoring in chemical engineering at Columbia University, with a minor in environmental engineering. She joined IGEM because it presented an interesting medium for interacting with engineers around the world and providing hands on experience in the highly applicable field of synthetic biology. In her spare time she enjoys playing ultimate Frisbee, building paper crafts, and serenading her neighbors (not well).</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_11.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Yuta Makita''': <p>Yuta Makita is a rising sophomore studying chemical engineering at the Cooper Union. Yuta joined the iGEM team with an interest in research based study and process of synthetic biology and the microscopic world. In addition to academic studies, he enjoys taking part in orchestra related activities by playing the viola.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_6.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Nicholas Mannarino''': <p>Nicholas Mannarino is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying chemical engineering, with a hope to specialize in biomedical engineering and biotechnology. He joined IGEM because it seemed like a great way to spend a summer getting acquainted with a field he is interested in. In his spare time, Nicholas enjoys playing the guitar and long-distance running.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_7.jpg|190px|right]]<br />
'''Aakash Mansukhani''': <p>When he’s not obsessively watching American Idol videos or playing tunes on his guitar, Aakash Mansukhani studies chemical engineering at Columbia University. As a rising sophomore, Aakash hopes that participating in IGEM will help him learn more about how principles from chemical engineering and synthetic biology can be combined to program bacteria. In his free time, Aakash loves to sing and reinvent pop songs by putting his own acoustic spin on them.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_8.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Steven Neuhaus''': <p>Steven Neuhaus is a rising sophomore who studies chemical engineering at The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. He’s quite fond of the idea of using little things to solve big problems, and joined iGEM because it provides a tremendous opportunity to do just that (and also time to play in the lab!). Steven also enjoys pointing out that writing about oneself in the third person is extremely awkward, is interested in most things that are interesting, and if you show him something cool, he’s usually more than glad to run with it.</p> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_9.jpg|190px|right]]<br />
'''Kirsten Nicassio''': <p>Kirsten Nicassio just finished her freshman year at The Cooper Union. She is majoring in chemical engineering, with an intended math minor. She joined IGEM because of interest in the field of biomedical engineering. In her spare time, Kirsten enjoys reading, knitting, and swimming.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_10.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Udochukwu (Ud) Okorafor''': <p>Ud Okorafor is a rising senior at Columbia University. He is majoring in chemical engineering and has interests in protein engineering and pharmaceuticals. He joined IGEM because he enjoyed the research he had done previously on genetic engineering of E. coli. In his spare time, he enjoys playing various sports, reading science fiction books, and watching movies.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_12.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Saimon Sharif''': <p>Saimon is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying Chemical Engineering and intends to minor in Mathematics. He joined IGEM because it gives him the opportunity to apply engineering and creativity to biology. In his spare time, Saimon enjoys listening to alternative rock and watching science fiction television shows.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_13.png|300px|left]]<br />
'''Vincent Xu''': <p>Vincent is a rising senior at Columbia University majoring in chemical engineering and minoring in applied mathematics. He is more interested in computational modeling than lab work and has been doing research in the applied math department since the summer of his freshman year. He decided to join IGEM because he thinks that it’s a good chance to learn something about biology, which is a subject he hasn’t studied since high school, and to get involved in any computational or modeling work. In addition to enjoying popular activities that college students engage in, such as eating and sleeping, Vincent does ballroom dancing.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>'''High School Students'''</h2><br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_14.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Richard Shi''': <p>Richard Shi is a high school research student at Jericho High School. He had previously studied and written a paper based on the Dye Sensitized Solar Cell at Farmingdale University. He joined iGEM to vary his exposure to different sciences (moving from the engineering sciences to synthetic biology) and hopes to collect data for the upcoming Intel STS competition. He hopes to bring much to the table, despite being in high school.</p><br />
<br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
2012-10-03T04:13:33Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">Parts Submitted</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Security">Security</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
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<br />
<h2>'''Undergraduates'''</h2><br />
<br />
<div><br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_1.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Adam Cerini''': <p>The organism “Adam cerini” is a species of civil engineering student. The Cooper Union is his natural habitat, although he has been observed to migrate to Huntington, NY during the summer months. He appears to have matured to the “sophomore” level. One marked feature of Cerini is his intelligence, a characteristic shared by many species in the engineering family. This feature is suspected to be the cause of his interests in civil engineering, architecture, biochemistry, nanotechnology, environmental science, and biomimicry. Cerini has been shown to undertake complex projects of various types and levels of success, such as mimicking cuttlefish camouflage with LCD’s, constructing a marimba from PVC pipes, designing a bamboo hut for refugees, building an electronic game via breadboards, composing electronic music, and most recently, genetically modifying bacteria for iGEM.</p> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_2.jpg|200px|left]]<br />
'''Marjana Chowdhury''': <p>Despite being from the bustling streets of New York City, Marjana was born to live in the wild. This nature lover and rising sophomore intends to major in Environmental Biology at Columbia University. In the past, Marjana's research has scaled a size spectrum ranging from immense invasive species to minuscule endangered species. As part of the Columbia-Cooper iGEM team, she is excited about her newest and smallest challenge yet, microorganisms.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_4.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Ciera Lowe''': <p>Ciera is a rising junior at The Cooper Union majoring in chemical engineering with a minor in biomedical engineering. She joined the iGEM team because this competition provides an amazing opportunity to gain hands on experience in synthetic biology, an exciting field full of potential to improve the world we live in. In addition to her studies, Ciera keeps busy by playing foosball on Cooper’s newly acquired table, playing basketball with Cooper’s women’s team or organizing events with the engineering student council and Cooper’s National Society of Black Engineers chapter.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_5.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Anna Mai''': <p>Anna Mai is a rising junior majoring in chemical engineering at Columbia University, with a minor in environmental engineering. She joined IGEM because it presented an interesting medium for interacting with engineers around the world and providing hands on experience in the highly applicable field of synthetic biology. In her spare time she enjoys playing ultimate Frisbee, building paper crafts, and serenading her neighbors (not well).</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_11.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Yuta Makita''': <p>Yuta Makita is a rising sophomore studying chemical engineering at the Cooper Union. Yuta joined the iGEM team with an interest in research based study and process of synthetic biology and the microscopic world. In addition to academic studies, he enjoys taking part in orchestra related activities by playing the viola.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_6.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Nicholas Mannarino''': <p>Nicholas Mannarino is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying chemical engineering, with a hope to specialize in biomedical engineering and biotechnology. He joined IGEM because it seemed like a great way to spend a summer getting acquainted with a field he is interested in. In his spare time, Nicholas enjoys playing the guitar and long-distance running.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_7.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Aakash Mansukhani''': <p>When he’s not obsessively watching American Idol videos or playing tunes on his guitar, Aakash Mansukhani studies chemical engineering at Columbia University. As a rising sophomore, Aakash hopes that participating in IGEM will help him learn more about how principles from chemical engineering and synthetic biology can be combined to program bacteria. In his free time, Aakash loves to sing and reinvent pop songs by putting his own acoustic spin on them.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_8.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Steven Neuhaus''': <p>Steven Neuhaus is a rising sophomore who studies chemical engineering at The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. He’s quite fond of the idea of using little things to solve big problems, and joined iGEM because it provides a tremendous opportunity to do just that (and also time to play in the lab!). Steven also enjoys pointing out that writing about oneself in the third person is extremely awkward, is interested in most things that are interesting, and if you show him something cool, he’s usually more than glad to run with it.</p> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_9.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Kirsten Nicassio''': <p>Kirsten Nicassio just finished her freshman year at The Cooper Union. She is majoring in chemical engineering, with an intended math minor. She joined IGEM because of interest in the field of biomedical engineering. In her spare time, Kirsten enjoys reading, knitting, and swimming.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_10.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Udochukwu (Ud) Okorafor''': <p>Ud Okorafor is a rising senior at Columbia University. He is majoring in chemical engineering and has interests in protein engineering and pharmaceuticals. He joined IGEM because he enjoyed the research he had done previously on genetic engineering of E. coli. In his spare time, he enjoys playing various sports, reading science fiction books, and watching movies.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_12.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Saimon Sharif''': <p>Saimon is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying Chemical Engineering and intends to minor in Mathematics. He joined IGEM because it gives him the opportunity to apply engineering and creativity to biology. In his spare time, Saimon enjoys listening to alternative rock and watching science fiction television shows.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_13.png|300px|left]]<br />
'''Vincent Xu''': <p>Vincent is a rising senior at Columbia University majoring in chemical engineering and minoring in applied mathematics. He is more interested in computational modeling than lab work and has been doing research in the applied math department since the summer of his freshman year. He decided to join IGEM because he thinks that it’s a good chance to learn something about biology, which is a subject he hasn’t studied since high school, and to get involved in any computational or modeling work. In addition to enjoying popular activities that college students engage in, such as eating and sleeping, Vincent does ballroom dancing.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>'''High School Students'''</h2><br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_14.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Richard Shi''': <p>Richard Shi is a high school research student at Jericho High School. He had previously studied and written a paper based on the Dye Sensitized Solar Cell at Farmingdale University. He joined iGEM to vary his exposure to different sciences (moving from the engineering sciences to synthetic biology) and hopes to collect data for the upcoming Intel STS competition. He hopes to bring much to the table, despite being in high school.</p><br />
<br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_2.jpg
File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC Team member 2.jpg
2012-10-03T04:12:46Z
<p>MChowdhury: uploaded a new version of &quot;File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC Team member 2.jpg&quot;: Reverted to version as of 04:02, 3 October 2012</p>
<hr />
<div></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T19:42:26Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T19:40:56Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T19:28:36Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T19:22:01Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T19:18:08Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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<li class="" style="height: 32px; width: 80px;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/93/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Thumb_5.jpg"></li><br />
<li class="" style="height: 32px; width: 80px;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/21/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Thumb_6.jpg"></li><br />
</ul><br />
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</div><br />
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</body><br />
<br />
</html></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T19:11:33Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
<hr />
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<h3 id="siteSub" class='noprint'>From 2011.igem.org</h3><br />
<div id="contentSub"></div><br />
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<br />
</p><p><style><br />
/*<br />
* Reset iGEM Wiki CSS. Use this with Template:Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/css/reset.css<br />
*/<br />
#top-section{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
height: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
<br />
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#globalWrapper #content{<br />
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width: 400px;<br />
height: 75px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/e/e5/Hokkaidou_logo.png) no-repeat;<br />
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outline: none;<br />
}<br />
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}<br />
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}<br />
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text-align: center;<br />
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}<br />
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#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li strong.selflink{<br />
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}<br />
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#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:active,<br />
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<br />
/* i couldn't be bothered to add text on picture... lol */<br />
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font-size: 12px;<br />
margin-top: 5px;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
line-height: 14px;<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-content{zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-content:after { content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content{<br />
float: left;<br />
width: 280px;<br />
margin-right: 20px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul{<br />
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padding: 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 0 1em 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #8a8a8a;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-right-content{<br />
float: right;<br />
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}<br />
</style><br />
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#hokkaidou-index-menu{<br />
margin: 0 0 30px 0 !important;<br />
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-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
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border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
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background: -moz-radial-gradient(center 80px 45deg, circle cover, hsl(0, 0%, 100%) 0%, hsl(240, 5%, 70%) 100%);<br />
overflow: hidden;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px hsl(240, 10%, 80%);<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:first-child{<br />
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-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:last-child{<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
padding: 10px 20px;<br />
border-bottom: none;<br />
color: #3b3b3b;<br />
transition: background 0.5s ease-in-out;<br />
-moz-transition-property: background;<br />
-moz-transition-duration: 700ms;<br />
background: #e4e4e4;<br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #dedede;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #f7f7f7;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:hover{<br />
background: transparent none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a .hokkaidou-description{<br />
display: block;<br />
margin-left: 40px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:before{<br />
display: block;<br />
float: left;<br />
content: "";<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
margin: 5px 10px 0 0;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
} <br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:before{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:before{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:before{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:before{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:before{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:before{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:before{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo{<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo img{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 240px;<br />
height: 240px;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #ababab;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul{<br />
margin: 20px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul {zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul:after {content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
display: block !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li:first-child{<br />
margin-left: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 32px;<br />
height: 32px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8b/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Links.png) no-repeat;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email a{ background-position: 0 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-facebook a{ background-position: -32px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-twitter a{ background-position: -64px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-wordpress a{ background-position: -96px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-youtube a{ background-position: -128px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email{<br />
display: block !important;<br />
width: 32px !important;<br />
height: 32px !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px 0 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email a{<br />
display: block !important;<br />
width: 100% !important;<br />
height: 100% !important;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8b/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Links.png) no-repeat !important;<br />
text-indent: -10000px !important;<br />
}<br />
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T18:23:13Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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<div class="lof-main-outer" style="width:900px; height:340px;"><br />
<ul style="left: -4200px; width: 6300px;" class="lof-main-wapper"> <br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/6/64/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_7.jpg"> <br />
<div class="lof-main-item-desc"><br />
<h2>HokkaidoU_Japan 2011</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li> <br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8a/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_1.jpg"> <br />
<div class="lof-main-item-desc"><br />
<h2>Welcome to the BIOxART Gallery!!</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/b/b5/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_2.jpg"> <br />
<div class="lof-main-item-desc"><br />
<h2>Be careful not to contaminate...</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li> <br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/0/01/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_3.jpg"> <br />
<div class="lof-main-item-desc"><br />
<h2>Meeting, meeting and MEETING!</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li> <br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/d/d1/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_4.jpg"> <br />
<div class="lof-main-item-desc"><br />
<h2>Dr. <i>E. coli</i> get ready for the job</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li> <br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/0/06/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_5.jpg"> <br />
<div class="lof-main-item-desc"><br />
<h2>BIOxART, please feel free to look around</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li> <br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/7/74/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_6.jpg"> <br />
<div class="lof-main-item-desc"><br />
<h2>Experiment, experiment and EXPERIMENT!</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li> <br />
</ul> <br />
</div><br />
<div class="lof-navigator-wapper"><br />
<div style="width: 320px; height: 32px;" class="lof-navigator-outer"><br />
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<li class="" style="height: 32px; width: 80px;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/81/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Thumb_7.jpg"></li><br />
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<li class="" style="height: 32px; width: 80px;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/a/aa/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Thumb_2.jpg"></li><br />
<li class="" style="height: 32px; width: 80px;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/f/fb/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Thumb_3.jpg"></li><br />
<li class="" style="height: 32px; width: 80px;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/e/e2/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Thumb_4.jpg"></li><br />
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<li class="" style="height: 32px; width: 80px;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/21/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Thumb_6.jpg"></li><br />
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<br />
</html></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T18:15:47Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<h1 class="firstHeading">Team:HokkaidoU Japan</h1><br />
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<h3 id="siteSub" class='noprint'>From 2011.igem.org</h3><br />
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T18:11:31Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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font-weight:bold;<br />
}<br />
.lof-main-item-desc h3 a{ <br />
margin:0;<br />
background:#C01F25;<br />
font-size:75%;<br />
padding:2px 3px;<br />
font-family:"Trebuchet MS",Trebuchet,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif;<br />
text-transform:uppercase;<br />
text-decoration:none<br />
}<br />
.lof-main-item-desc h3 a:hover{<br />
<br />
text-decoration:underline;<br />
}<br />
.lof-main-item-desc h3 i {<br />
font-size:70%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* main flash */<br />
ul.lof-main-wapper{<br />
/* margin-right:auto; */<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
background:transparent url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/5/5d/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Load-indicator.gif) no-repeat scroll 50% 50%;<br />
padding:0px;<br />
margin:0;<br />
position:absolute;<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
}<br />
<br />
ul.lof-main-wapper li{<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
padding:0px;<br />
margin:0px;<br />
float:left;<br />
position:relative;<br />
}<br />
.lof-opacity li{<br />
position:absolute;<br />
top:0;<br />
left:0;<br />
float:inherit;<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-main-wapper li img{<br />
padding:0px; <br />
}<br />
<br />
/* item navigator */<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper {<br />
position:absolute;<br />
bottom:10px;<br />
right:10px;<br />
background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/b/b8/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Transparent_bg.png) repeat;<br />
padding:5px 0px;<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-outer{<br />
position:relative;<br />
z-index:100;<br />
height:180px;<br />
width:310px;<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
color:#FFF;<br />
float:left<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator{<br />
top:0;<br />
padding:0;<br />
margin:0;<br />
position:absolute;<br />
width:100%;<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator li{<br />
cursor:hand; <br />
cursor:pointer;<br />
list-style:none;<br />
padding:0;<br />
margin-left:0px;<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
float:left;<br />
display:block;<br />
<br />
text-align:center;<br />
<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator li img{<br />
border:#666 solid 3px; <br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator li.active img, ul.lof-navigator li:hover img {<br />
border:#A8A8A8 solid 3px;<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-next, .lof-navigator-wapper .lof-previous{<br />
display:block;<br />
width:22px;<br />
height:30px;<br />
color:#FFF;<br />
cursor:pointer;<br />
<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-next {<br />
float:left; <br />
text-indent:-999px;<br />
margin-right:5px;<br />
background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/9c/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Arrow-l.png) no-repeat right center;<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-previous {<br />
float:left; <br />
text-indent:-999px;<br />
margin-left:5px;<br />
background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/98/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Arrow-r.png) no-repeat left center;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis|Miltonian|Josefin+Sans:400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<br />
</p><p><style><br />
/*<br />
* Reset iGEM Wiki CSS. Use this with Template:Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/css/reset.css<br />
*/<br />
#top-section{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
height: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.left-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; left: 0;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.right-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
.editsection,<br />
#top-section #p-logo,<br />
#top-section #search-controls,<br />
#content h1.firstHeading,<br />
#content #bodyContent #contentSub,<br />
#content #bodyContent p, /* holly crap, they have p element for script tag and no id and no class... */<br />
#catlinks{<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#globalWrapper,<br />
#globalWrapper #content{<br />
background: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#footer-box {<br />
border-top: 1px solid #E4E4E4;<br />
border-right: 0px;<br />
border-bottom: 0px;<br />
border-left: 0px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* because I hide p element in #bodyContent */<br />
#content #bodyContent div p{<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
.editsection{<br />
font-size: 9px;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
}<br />
.thumbinner{<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar{<br />
font-size: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Miltonian);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Josefin+Sans:400,700);<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
font-family: 'Terminal Dosis', sans-serif;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
color: #3e3e3e;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.1em;<br />
}<br />
a{<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #5a7bf8;<br />
}<br />
a:visited { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
a:hover {<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #525bb8;<br />
}<br />
a:active { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
<br />
p{<br />
margin: 0 0 1.5em 0;<br />
text-indent: 0.5em;<br />
line-height: 1.5em;<br />
}<br />
p:last-child {<br />
margin-bottom: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.15em;<br />
margin: 2em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1:first-child, h2:first-child, h3:first-child,<br />
h4:first-child, h5:first-child, h6:first-child {<br />
margin-top: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1{ <br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
line-height: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
h2{<br />
border-bottom: 1px dotted #e4e4e4;<br />
}<br />
ul, ol{<br />
margin: 1em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0 0 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
pre{<br />
margin: 1em 0;<br />
padding: 1em;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
background: #f7f7f7;<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
table{<br />
border-collapse: collapse;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
table th, table td{<br />
padding: 0.4em 0.6em;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<style><br />
div.toc-wrapper {<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
height: 70%;<br />
z-index: 10000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#toc {<br />
display: block;<br />
height: 100%;<br />
overflow: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-tab {<br />
background: #dedede url(/wiki/images/f/f8/HokkaidoU_toc_tab.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 30px;<br />
height: 120px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
z-index: 9999;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-wrapper div.close {<br />
background: url(/wiki/images/7/73/HokkaidoU_toc_close.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top : 10px;<br />
right : 20px;<br />
width: 20px;<br />
height: 20px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
*:after{<br />
display: block;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 76%;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-container{<br />
width: 980px;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
background: #ffffff url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Hokkaidou_header.png) repeat-x;<br />
margin-bottom: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer{<br />
margin-top: 30px;<br />
padding-top: 15px;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul li{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
margin: 10px;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul:after {content: "";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
position: relative;<br />
height: 117px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a{<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; left: 20px;<br />
width: 400px;<br />
height: 75px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/e/e5/Hokkaidou_logo.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
outline: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:hover {<br />
background-position: 0 -76px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:active {<br />
background-position: 0 -152px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo p{<br />
display: none !important;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
width: 60px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li a,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li strong.selflink{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
outline: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a{ background-position: 0 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:hover { background-position: -30px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:hover { background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:hover { background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:hover { background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:hover { background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:hover { background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:hover { background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:hover { background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -210px; }<br />
<br />
/* i couldn't be bothered to add text on picture... lol */<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li:after {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-size: 12px;<br />
margin-top: 5px;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
line-height: 14px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home:after {content: "Home";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project:after {content: "Project";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol:after {content: "Protocol";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts:after {content: "Parts";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook:after {content: "Notebook";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety:after {content: "Safety";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice:after {content: "Human Practice";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team:after {content: "Team";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-content{zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-content:after { content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content{<br />
float: left;<br />
width: 280px;<br />
margin-right: 20px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 0 1em 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #8a8a8a;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-right-content{<br />
float: right;<br />
width: 680px;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu{<br />
margin: 0 0 30px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
background: -moz-radial-gradient(center 80px 45deg, circle cover, hsl(0, 0%, 100%) 0%, hsl(240, 5%, 70%) 100%);<br />
overflow: hidden;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px hsl(240, 10%, 80%);<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:first-child{<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:last-child{<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
padding: 10px 20px;<br />
border-bottom: none;<br />
color: #3b3b3b;<br />
transition: background 0.5s ease-in-out;<br />
-moz-transition-property: background;<br />
-moz-transition-duration: 700ms;<br />
background: #e4e4e4;<br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #dedede;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #f7f7f7;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:hover{<br />
background: transparent none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a .hokkaidou-description{<br />
display: block;<br />
margin-left: 40px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:before{<br />
display: block;<br />
float: left;<br />
content: "";<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
margin: 5px 10px 0 0;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
} <br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:before{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:before{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:before{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:before{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:before{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:before{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:before{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo{<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo img{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 240px;<br />
height: 240px;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #ababab;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul{<br />
margin: 20px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul {zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul:after {content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
display: block !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px !important;<br />
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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<h2>HokkaidoU_Japan 2011</h2><br />
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<h2>Meeting, meeting and MEETING!</h2><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T18:09:13Z
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ul.lof-navigator{<br />
top:0;<br />
padding:0;<br />
margin:0;<br />
position:absolute;<br />
width:100%;<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator li{<br />
cursor:hand; <br />
cursor:pointer;<br />
list-style:none;<br />
padding:0;<br />
margin-left:0px;<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
float:left;<br />
display:block;<br />
<br />
text-align:center;<br />
<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator li img{<br />
border:#666 solid 3px; <br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator li.active img, ul.lof-navigator li:hover img {<br />
border:#A8A8A8 solid 3px;<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-next, .lof-navigator-wapper .lof-previous{<br />
display:block;<br />
width:22px;<br />
height:30px;<br />
color:#FFF;<br />
cursor:pointer;<br />
<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-next {<br />
float:left; <br />
text-indent:-999px;<br />
margin-right:5px;<br />
background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/9c/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Arrow-l.png) no-repeat right center;<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-previous {<br />
float:left; <br />
text-indent:-999px;<br />
margin-left:5px;<br />
background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/98/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Arrow-r.png) no-repeat left center;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis|Miltonian|Josefin+Sans:400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<br />
</p><p><style><br />
/*<br />
* Reset iGEM Wiki CSS. Use this with Template:Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/css/reset.css<br />
*/<br />
#top-section{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
height: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.left-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; left: 0;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.right-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
.editsection,<br />
#top-section #p-logo,<br />
#top-section #search-controls,<br />
#content h1.firstHeading,<br />
#content #bodyContent #contentSub,<br />
#content #bodyContent p, /* holly crap, they have p element for script tag and no id and no class... */<br />
#catlinks{<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#globalWrapper,<br />
#globalWrapper #content{<br />
background: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#footer-box {<br />
border-top: 1px solid #E4E4E4;<br />
border-right: 0px;<br />
border-bottom: 0px;<br />
border-left: 0px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* because I hide p element in #bodyContent */<br />
#content #bodyContent div p{<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
.editsection{<br />
font-size: 9px;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
}<br />
.thumbinner{<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar{<br />
font-size: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Miltonian);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Josefin+Sans:400,700);<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
font-family: 'Terminal Dosis', sans-serif;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
color: #3e3e3e;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.1em;<br />
}<br />
a{<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #5a7bf8;<br />
}<br />
a:visited { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
a:hover {<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #525bb8;<br />
}<br />
a:active { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
<br />
p{<br />
margin: 0 0 1.5em 0;<br />
text-indent: 0.5em;<br />
line-height: 1.5em;<br />
}<br />
p:last-child {<br />
margin-bottom: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.15em;<br />
margin: 2em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1:first-child, h2:first-child, h3:first-child,<br />
h4:first-child, h5:first-child, h6:first-child {<br />
margin-top: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1{ <br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
line-height: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
h2{<br />
border-bottom: 1px dotted #e4e4e4;<br />
}<br />
ul, ol{<br />
margin: 1em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0 0 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
pre{<br />
margin: 1em 0;<br />
padding: 1em;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
background: #f7f7f7;<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
table{<br />
border-collapse: collapse;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
table th, table td{<br />
padding: 0.4em 0.6em;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<style><br />
div.toc-wrapper {<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
height: 70%;<br />
z-index: 10000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#toc {<br />
display: block;<br />
height: 100%;<br />
overflow: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-tab {<br />
background: #dedede url(/wiki/images/f/f8/HokkaidoU_toc_tab.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 30px;<br />
height: 120px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
z-index: 9999;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-wrapper div.close {<br />
background: url(/wiki/images/7/73/HokkaidoU_toc_close.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top : 10px;<br />
right : 20px;<br />
width: 20px;<br />
height: 20px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
*:after{<br />
display: block;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 76%;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-container{<br />
width: 980px;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
background: #ffffff url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Hokkaidou_header.png) repeat-x;<br />
margin-bottom: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer{<br />
margin-top: 30px;<br />
padding-top: 15px;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul li{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
margin: 10px;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul:after {content: "";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
position: relative;<br />
height: 117px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a{<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; left: 20px;<br />
width: 400px;<br />
height: 75px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/e/e5/Hokkaidou_logo.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
outline: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:hover {<br />
background-position: 0 -76px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:active {<br />
background-position: 0 -152px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo p{<br />
display: none !important;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
width: 60px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li a,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li strong.selflink{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
outline: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a{ background-position: 0 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:hover { background-position: -30px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:hover { background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:hover { background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:hover { background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:hover { background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:hover { background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:hover { background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:hover { background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -210px; }<br />
<br />
/* i couldn't be bothered to add text on picture... lol */<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li:after {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-size: 12px;<br />
margin-top: 5px;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
line-height: 14px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home:after {content: "Home";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project:after {content: "Project";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol:after {content: "Protocol";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts:after {content: "Parts";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook:after {content: "Notebook";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety:after {content: "Safety";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice:after {content: "Human Practice";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team:after {content: "Team";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-content{zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-content:after { content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content{<br />
float: left;<br />
width: 280px;<br />
margin-right: 20px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 0 1em 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #8a8a8a;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-right-content{<br />
float: right;<br />
width: 680px;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu{<br />
margin: 0 0 30px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
background: -moz-radial-gradient(center 80px 45deg, circle cover, hsl(0, 0%, 100%) 0%, hsl(240, 5%, 70%) 100%);<br />
overflow: hidden;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px hsl(240, 10%, 80%);<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:first-child{<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:last-child{<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
padding: 10px 20px;<br />
border-bottom: none;<br />
color: #3b3b3b;<br />
transition: background 0.5s ease-in-out;<br />
-moz-transition-property: background;<br />
-moz-transition-duration: 700ms;<br />
background: #e4e4e4;<br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #dedede;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #f7f7f7;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:hover{<br />
background: transparent none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a .hokkaidou-description{<br />
display: block;<br />
margin-left: 40px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:before{<br />
display: block;<br />
float: left;<br />
content: "";<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
margin: 5px 10px 0 0;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
} <br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:before{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:before{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:before{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:before{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:before{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:before{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:before{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo{<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo img{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 240px;<br />
height: 240px;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #ababab;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul{<br />
margin: 20px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul {zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul:after {content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
display: block !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li:first-child{<br />
margin-left: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 32px;<br />
height: 32px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8b/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Links.png) no-repeat;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email a{ background-position: 0 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-facebook a{ background-position: -32px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-twitter a{ background-position: -64px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-wordpress a{ background-position: -96px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-youtube a{ background-position: -128px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email{<br />
display: block !important;<br />
width: 32px !important;<br />
height: 32px !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px 0 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email a{<br />
display: block !important;<br />
width: 100% !important;<br />
height: 100% !important;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8b/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Links.png) no-repeat !important;<br />
text-indent: -10000px !important;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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<h2>HokkaidoU_Japan 2011</h2><br />
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<h2>Meeting, meeting and MEETING!</h2><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T18:02:09Z
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<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis|Miltonian|Josefin+Sans:400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<br />
</p><p><style><br />
/*<br />
* Reset iGEM Wiki CSS. Use this with Template:Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/css/reset.css<br />
*/<br />
#top-section{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
height: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.left-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; left: 0;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.right-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
.editsection,<br />
#top-section #p-logo,<br />
#top-section #search-controls,<br />
#content h1.firstHeading,<br />
#content #bodyContent #contentSub,<br />
#content #bodyContent p, /* holly crap, they have p element for script tag and no id and no class... */<br />
#catlinks{<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#globalWrapper,<br />
#globalWrapper #content{<br />
background: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#footer-box {<br />
border-top: 1px solid #E4E4E4;<br />
border-right: 0px;<br />
border-bottom: 0px;<br />
border-left: 0px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* because I hide p element in #bodyContent */<br />
#content #bodyContent div p{<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
.editsection{<br />
font-size: 9px;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
}<br />
.thumbinner{<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar{<br />
font-size: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Miltonian);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Josefin+Sans:400,700);<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
font-family: 'Terminal Dosis', sans-serif;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
color: #3e3e3e;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.1em;<br />
}<br />
a{<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #5a7bf8;<br />
}<br />
a:visited { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
a:hover {<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #525bb8;<br />
}<br />
a:active { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
<br />
p{<br />
margin: 0 0 1.5em 0;<br />
text-indent: 0.5em;<br />
line-height: 1.5em;<br />
}<br />
p:last-child {<br />
margin-bottom: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.15em;<br />
margin: 2em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1:first-child, h2:first-child, h3:first-child,<br />
h4:first-child, h5:first-child, h6:first-child {<br />
margin-top: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1{ <br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
line-height: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
h2{<br />
border-bottom: 1px dotted #e4e4e4;<br />
}<br />
ul, ol{<br />
margin: 1em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0 0 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
pre{<br />
margin: 1em 0;<br />
padding: 1em;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
background: #f7f7f7;<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
table{<br />
border-collapse: collapse;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
table th, table td{<br />
padding: 0.4em 0.6em;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<style><br />
div.toc-wrapper {<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
height: 70%;<br />
z-index: 10000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#toc {<br />
display: block;<br />
height: 100%;<br />
overflow: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-tab {<br />
background: #dedede url(/wiki/images/f/f8/HokkaidoU_toc_tab.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 30px;<br />
height: 120px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
z-index: 9999;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-wrapper div.close {<br />
background: url(/wiki/images/7/73/HokkaidoU_toc_close.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top : 10px;<br />
right : 20px;<br />
width: 20px;<br />
height: 20px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
*:after{<br />
display: block;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 76%;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-container{<br />
width: 980px;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
background: #ffffff url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Hokkaidou_header.png) repeat-x;<br />
margin-bottom: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer{<br />
margin-top: 30px;<br />
padding-top: 15px;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul li{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
margin: 10px;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul:after {content: "";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
position: relative;<br />
height: 117px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a{<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; left: 20px;<br />
width: 400px;<br />
height: 75px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/e/e5/Hokkaidou_logo.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
outline: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:hover {<br />
background-position: 0 -76px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:active {<br />
background-position: 0 -152px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo p{<br />
display: none !important;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
width: 60px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li a,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li strong.selflink{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
outline: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a{ background-position: 0 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:hover { background-position: -30px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:hover { background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:hover { background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:hover { background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:hover { background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:hover { background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:hover { background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:hover { background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -210px; }<br />
<br />
/* i couldn't be bothered to add text on picture... lol */<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li:after {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-size: 12px;<br />
margin-top: 5px;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
line-height: 14px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home:after {content: "Home";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project:after {content: "Project";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol:after {content: "Protocol";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts:after {content: "Parts";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook:after {content: "Notebook";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety:after {content: "Safety";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice:after {content: "Human Practice";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team:after {content: "Team";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-content{zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-content:after { content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content{<br />
float: left;<br />
width: 280px;<br />
margin-right: 20px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 0 1em 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #8a8a8a;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-right-content{<br />
float: right;<br />
width: 680px;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu{<br />
margin: 0 0 30px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
background: -moz-radial-gradient(center 80px 45deg, circle cover, hsl(0, 0%, 100%) 0%, hsl(240, 5%, 70%) 100%);<br />
overflow: hidden;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px hsl(240, 10%, 80%);<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:first-child{<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:last-child{<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
padding: 10px 20px;<br />
border-bottom: none;<br />
color: #3b3b3b;<br />
transition: background 0.5s ease-in-out;<br />
-moz-transition-property: background;<br />
-moz-transition-duration: 700ms;<br />
background: #e4e4e4;<br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #dedede;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #f7f7f7;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:hover{<br />
background: transparent none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a .hokkaidou-description{<br />
display: block;<br />
margin-left: 40px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:before{<br />
display: block;<br />
float: left;<br />
content: "";<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
margin: 5px 10px 0 0;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
} <br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:before{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:before{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:before{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:before{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:before{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:before{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:before{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo{<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo img{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 240px;<br />
height: 240px;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #ababab;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul{<br />
margin: 20px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul {zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul:after {content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
display: block !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li:first-child{<br />
margin-left: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 32px;<br />
height: 32px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8b/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Links.png) no-repeat;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email a{ background-position: 0 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-facebook a{ background-position: -32px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-twitter a{ background-position: -64px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-wordpress a{ background-position: -96px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-youtube a{ background-position: -128px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email{<br />
display: block !important;<br />
width: 32px !important;<br />
height: 32px !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px 0 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email a{<br />
display: block !important;<br />
width: 100% !important;<br />
height: 100% !important;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8b/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Links.png) no-repeat !important;<br />
text-indent: -10000px !important;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<br />
<script type="text/javascript"><br />
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<script type="text/javascript"><br />
$('.right-menu, .left-menu').fadeTo(0, 0);<br />
$('.right-menu, .left-menu').bind('mouseover', function(){<br />
$(this).fadeTo('slow', 1);<br />
});<br />
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<h1> <span class="mw-headline" id="HokkaidoU_Japan"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan">HokkaidoU Japan</a></span></h1><br />
<p class="description">iGEM 2011 Team of Hokkaido University</p><br />
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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<h2>HokkaidoU_Japan 2011</h2><br />
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<h2>Experiment, experiment and EXPERIMENT!</h2><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T17:59:24Z
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background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/9c/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Arrow-l.png) no-repeat right center;<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-previous {<br />
float:left; <br />
text-indent:-999px;<br />
margin-left:5px;<br />
background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/98/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Arrow-r.png) no-repeat left center;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis|Miltonian|Josefin+Sans:400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<br />
</p><p><style><br />
/*<br />
* Reset iGEM Wiki CSS. Use this with Template:Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/css/reset.css<br />
*/<br />
#top-section{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
height: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.left-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; left: 0;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.right-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
.editsection,<br />
#top-section #p-logo,<br />
#top-section #search-controls,<br />
#content h1.firstHeading,<br />
#content #bodyContent #contentSub,<br />
#content #bodyContent p, /* holly crap, they have p element for script tag and no id and no class... */<br />
#catlinks{<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#globalWrapper,<br />
#globalWrapper #content{<br />
background: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#footer-box {<br />
border-top: 1px solid #E4E4E4;<br />
border-right: 0px;<br />
border-bottom: 0px;<br />
border-left: 0px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* because I hide p element in #bodyContent */<br />
#content #bodyContent div p{<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
.editsection{<br />
font-size: 9px;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
}<br />
.thumbinner{<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar{<br />
font-size: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Miltonian);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Josefin+Sans:400,700);<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
font-family: 'Terminal Dosis', sans-serif;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
color: #3e3e3e;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.1em;<br />
}<br />
a{<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #5a7bf8;<br />
}<br />
a:visited { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
a:hover {<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #525bb8;<br />
}<br />
a:active { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
<br />
p{<br />
margin: 0 0 1.5em 0;<br />
text-indent: 0.5em;<br />
line-height: 1.5em;<br />
}<br />
p:last-child {<br />
margin-bottom: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.15em;<br />
margin: 2em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1:first-child, h2:first-child, h3:first-child,<br />
h4:first-child, h5:first-child, h6:first-child {<br />
margin-top: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1{ <br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
line-height: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
h2{<br />
border-bottom: 1px dotted #e4e4e4;<br />
}<br />
ul, ol{<br />
margin: 1em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0 0 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
pre{<br />
margin: 1em 0;<br />
padding: 1em;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
background: #f7f7f7;<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
table{<br />
border-collapse: collapse;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
table th, table td{<br />
padding: 0.4em 0.6em;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<style><br />
div.toc-wrapper {<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
height: 70%;<br />
z-index: 10000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#toc {<br />
display: block;<br />
height: 100%;<br />
overflow: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-tab {<br />
background: #dedede url(/wiki/images/f/f8/HokkaidoU_toc_tab.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 30px;<br />
height: 120px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
z-index: 9999;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-wrapper div.close {<br />
background: url(/wiki/images/7/73/HokkaidoU_toc_close.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top : 10px;<br />
right : 20px;<br />
width: 20px;<br />
height: 20px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
*:after{<br />
display: block;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 76%;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-container{<br />
width: 980px;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
background: #ffffff url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Hokkaidou_header.png) repeat-x;<br />
margin-bottom: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer{<br />
margin-top: 30px;<br />
padding-top: 15px;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul li{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
margin: 10px;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul:after {content: "";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
position: relative;<br />
height: 117px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a{<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; left: 20px;<br />
width: 400px;<br />
height: 75px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/e/e5/Hokkaidou_logo.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
outline: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:hover {<br />
background-position: 0 -76px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:active {<br />
background-position: 0 -152px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo p{<br />
display: none !important;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
width: 60px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li a,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li strong.selflink{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
outline: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a{ background-position: 0 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:hover { background-position: -30px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:hover { background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:hover { background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:hover { background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:hover { background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:hover { background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:hover { background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:hover { background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -210px; }<br />
<br />
/* i couldn't be bothered to add text on picture... lol */<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li:after {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-size: 12px;<br />
margin-top: 5px;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
line-height: 14px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home:after {content: "Home";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project:after {content: "Project";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol:after {content: "Protocol";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts:after {content: "Parts";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook:after {content: "Notebook";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety:after {content: "Safety";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice:after {content: "Human Practice";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team:after {content: "Team";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-content{zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-content:after { content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content{<br />
float: left;<br />
width: 280px;<br />
margin-right: 20px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 0 1em 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #8a8a8a;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-right-content{<br />
float: right;<br />
width: 680px;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu{<br />
margin: 0 0 30px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
background: -moz-radial-gradient(center 80px 45deg, circle cover, hsl(0, 0%, 100%) 0%, hsl(240, 5%, 70%) 100%);<br />
overflow: hidden;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px hsl(240, 10%, 80%);<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:first-child{<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:last-child{<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
padding: 10px 20px;<br />
border-bottom: none;<br />
color: #3b3b3b;<br />
transition: background 0.5s ease-in-out;<br />
-moz-transition-property: background;<br />
-moz-transition-duration: 700ms;<br />
background: #e4e4e4;<br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #dedede;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #f7f7f7;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:hover{<br />
background: transparent none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a .hokkaidou-description{<br />
display: block;<br />
margin-left: 40px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:before{<br />
display: block;<br />
float: left;<br />
content: "";<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
margin: 5px 10px 0 0;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
} <br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:before{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:before{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:before{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:before{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:before{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:before{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:before{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo{<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo img{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 240px;<br />
height: 240px;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #ababab;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul{<br />
margin: 20px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul {zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul:after {content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
display: block !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li:first-child{<br />
margin-left: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 32px;<br />
height: 32px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8b/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Links.png) no-repeat;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email a{ background-position: 0 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-facebook a{ background-position: -32px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-twitter a{ background-position: -64px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-wordpress a{ background-position: -96px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-youtube a{ background-position: -128px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email{<br />
display: block !important;<br />
width: 32px !important;<br />
height: 32px !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px 0 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li#hokkaidou-links-email a{<br />
display: block !important;<br />
width: 100% !important;<br />
height: 100% !important;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8b/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Links.png) no-repeat !important;<br />
text-indent: -10000px !important;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<br />
<script type="text/javascript"><br />
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$('.right-menu, .left-menu').fadeTo(0, 0);<br />
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<h1> <span class="mw-headline" id="HokkaidoU_Japan"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan">HokkaidoU Japan</a></span></h1><br />
<p class="description">iGEM 2011 Team of Hokkaido University</p><br />
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
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<h2>HokkaidoU_Japan 2011</h2><br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/trial
2012-10-02T17:53:28Z
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font-family:"Trebuchet MS",Trebuchet,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif;<br />
text-transform:uppercase;<br />
text-decoration:none<br />
}<br />
.lof-main-item-desc h3 a:hover{<br />
<br />
text-decoration:underline;<br />
}<br />
.lof-main-item-desc h3 i {<br />
font-size:70%;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* main flash */<br />
ul.lof-main-wapper{<br />
/* margin-right:auto; */<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
background:transparent url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/5/5d/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Load-indicator.gif) no-repeat scroll 50% 50%;<br />
padding:0px;<br />
margin:0;<br />
position:absolute;<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
}<br />
<br />
ul.lof-main-wapper li{<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
padding:0px;<br />
margin:0px;<br />
float:left;<br />
position:relative;<br />
}<br />
.lof-opacity li{<br />
position:absolute;<br />
top:0;<br />
left:0;<br />
float:inherit;<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-main-wapper li img{<br />
padding:0px; <br />
}<br />
<br />
/* item navigator */<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper {<br />
position:absolute;<br />
bottom:10px;<br />
right:10px;<br />
background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/b/b8/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Transparent_bg.png) repeat;<br />
padding:5px 0px;<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-outer{<br />
position:relative;<br />
z-index:100;<br />
height:180px;<br />
width:310px;<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
color:#FFF;<br />
float:left<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator{<br />
top:0;<br />
padding:0;<br />
margin:0;<br />
position:absolute;<br />
width:100%;<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator li{<br />
cursor:hand; <br />
cursor:pointer;<br />
list-style:none;<br />
padding:0;<br />
margin-left:0px;<br />
overflow:hidden;<br />
float:left;<br />
display:block;<br />
<br />
text-align:center;<br />
<br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator li img{<br />
border:#666 solid 3px; <br />
}<br />
ul.lof-navigator li.active img, ul.lof-navigator li:hover img {<br />
border:#A8A8A8 solid 3px;<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-next, .lof-navigator-wapper .lof-previous{<br />
display:block;<br />
width:22px;<br />
height:30px;<br />
color:#FFF;<br />
cursor:pointer;<br />
<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-next {<br />
float:left; <br />
text-indent:-999px;<br />
margin-right:5px;<br />
background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/9c/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Arrow-l.png) no-repeat right center;<br />
}<br />
.lof-navigator-wapper .lof-previous {<br />
float:left; <br />
text-indent:-999px;<br />
margin-left:5px;<br />
background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/98/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_Arrow-r.png) no-repeat left center;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<br />
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis|Miltonian|Josefin+Sans:400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><br />
<br />
</p><p><style><br />
/*<br />
* Reset iGEM Wiki CSS. Use this with Template:Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/css/reset.css<br />
*/<br />
#top-section{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
height: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.left-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; left: 0;<br />
}<br />
#top-section #menubar.right-menu{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 0; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
.editsection,<br />
#top-section #p-logo,<br />
#top-section #search-controls,<br />
#content h1.firstHeading,<br />
#content #bodyContent #contentSub,<br />
#content #bodyContent p, /* holly crap, they have p element for script tag and no id and no class... */<br />
#catlinks{<br />
display: none;<br />
}<br />
#globalWrapper,<br />
#globalWrapper #content{<br />
background: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
border: none;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#footer-box {<br />
border-top: 1px solid #E4E4E4;<br />
border-right: 0px;<br />
border-bottom: 0px;<br />
border-left: 0px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/* because I hide p element in #bodyContent */<br />
#content #bodyContent div p{<br />
display: block;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
.editsection{<br />
font-size: 9px;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
}<br />
.thumbinner{<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar{<br />
font-size: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#menubar ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
width: auto;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Terminal+Dosis);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Miltonian);<br />
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Josefin+Sans:400,700);<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
font-family: 'Terminal Dosis', sans-serif;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
color: #3e3e3e;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.1em;<br />
}<br />
a{<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #5a7bf8;<br />
}<br />
a:visited { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
a:hover {<br />
text-decoration: none;<br />
color: #525bb8;<br />
}<br />
a:active { color: #4f6ddc; }<br />
<br />
p{<br />
margin: 0 0 1.5em 0;<br />
text-indent: 0.5em;<br />
line-height: 1.5em;<br />
}<br />
p:last-child {<br />
margin-bottom: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-weight: normal;<br />
letter-spacing: 0.15em;<br />
margin: 2em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1:first-child, h2:first-child, h3:first-child,<br />
h4:first-child, h5:first-child, h6:first-child {<br />
margin-top: 0;<br />
}<br />
h1{ <br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
line-height: 1.2em;<br />
}<br />
h2{<br />
border-bottom: 1px dotted #e4e4e4;<br />
}<br />
ul, ol{<br />
margin: 1em 0 1em 0;<br />
padding: 0 0 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
pre{<br />
margin: 1em 0;<br />
padding: 1em;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
background: #f7f7f7;<br />
-webkit-border-radius: 4px;<br />
-moz-border-radius: 4px;<br />
border-radius: 4px;<br />
}<br />
table{<br />
border-collapse: collapse;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
font-size: 100%;<br />
}<br />
table th, table td{<br />
padding: 0.4em 0.6em;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
<style><br />
div.toc-wrapper {<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 300px;<br />
height: 70%;<br />
z-index: 10000;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#toc {<br />
display: block;<br />
height: 100%;<br />
overflow: auto;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-tab {<br />
background: #dedede url(/wiki/images/f/f8/HokkaidoU_toc_tab.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top: 20%;<br />
right: 0;<br />
width: 30px;<br />
height: 120px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: fixed;<br />
z-index: 9999;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.toc-wrapper div.close {<br />
background: url(/wiki/images/7/73/HokkaidoU_toc_close.png) left top no-repeat;<br />
top : 10px;<br />
right : 20px;<br />
width: 20px;<br />
height: 20px;<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
cursor: pointer;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
*:after{<br />
display: block;<br />
clear: both;<br />
}<br />
body{<br />
font-size: 76%;<br />
background: #ffffff;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-container{<br />
width: 980px;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
padding: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
background: #ffffff url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Hokkaidou_header.png) repeat-x;<br />
margin-bottom: 10px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer{<br />
margin-top: 30px;<br />
padding-top: 15px;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul li{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
margin: 10px;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-footer #hokkaidou-sponsors ul:after {content: "";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header{<br />
position: relative;<br />
height: 117px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a{<br />
display: block;<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; left: 20px;<br />
width: 400px;<br />
height: 75px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/e/e5/Hokkaidou_logo.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
outline: none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:hover {<br />
background-position: 0 -76px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo h1 a:active {<br />
background-position: 0 -152px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-logo p{<br />
display: none !important;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul{<br />
position: absolute;<br />
top: 10px; right: 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0;<br />
text-align: center;<br />
width: 60px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li a,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li strong.selflink{<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
border: none;<br />
outline: none;<br />
text-indent: -10000px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a{ background-position: 0 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:hover { background-position: -30px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px 0; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:hover { background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:hover { background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:hover { background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:hover { background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:hover { background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:hover { background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:hover { background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team a:active,<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team strong.selflink{ background-position: -60px -210px; }<br />
<br />
/* i couldn't be bothered to add text on picture... lol */<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li:after {<br />
display: inline-block;<br />
font-family: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;<br />
font-size: 12px;<br />
margin-top: 5px;<br />
width: 100%;<br />
line-height: 14px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-home:after {content: "Home";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-project:after {content: "Project";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-protocol:after {content: "Protocol";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-parts:after {content: "Parts";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-notebook:after {content: "Notebook";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-safety:after {content: "Safety";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice:after {content: "Human Practice";}<br />
#hokkaidou-header #hokkaidou-navigation ul li#hokkaidou-menu-team:after {content: "Team";}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-content{zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-content:after { content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content{<br />
float: left;<br />
width: 280px;<br />
margin-right: 20px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul{<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 0 1em;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 0 1em 0;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-left-content ul li .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #8a8a8a;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-content #hokkaidou-right-content{<br />
float: right;<br />
width: 680px;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
</p><p><style><br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu{<br />
margin: 0 0 30px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
border: 1px solid #ababab;<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li{<br />
list-style: none;<br />
margin: 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
background: -moz-radial-gradient(center 80px 45deg, circle cover, hsl(0, 0%, 100%) 0%, hsl(240, 5%, 70%) 100%);<br />
overflow: hidden;<br />
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px hsl(240, 10%, 80%);<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:first-child{<br />
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-topright: 12px;<br />
border-top-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li:last-child{<br />
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 12px;<br />
border-bottom-right-radius: 12px;<br />
}<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
display: block;<br />
padding: 10px 20px;<br />
border-bottom: none;<br />
color: #3b3b3b;<br />
transition: background 0.5s ease-in-out;<br />
-moz-transition-property: background;<br />
-moz-transition-duration: 700ms;<br />
background: #e4e4e4;<br />
border-bottom: 1px solid #dedede;<br />
border-top: 1px solid #f7f7f7;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a{<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:hover{<br />
background: transparent none;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a .hokkaidou-description{<br />
display: block;<br />
margin-left: 40px;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li a:before{<br />
display: block;<br />
float: left;<br />
content: "";<br />
width: 30px; height: 30px;<br />
margin: 5px 10px 0 0;<br />
background: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4b/Hokkaidou_menu.png) no-repeat;<br />
} <br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:before{ background-position: 0 -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:before{ background-position: 0 -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:before{ background-position: 0 -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:before{ background-position: 0 -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:before{ background-position: 0 -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:before{ background-position: 0 -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:before{ background-position: 0 -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-project a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -30px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-protocol a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -60px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-parts a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -90px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-notebook a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -120px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-safety a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -150px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-humanpractice a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -180px; }<br />
#hokkaidou-index-menu li#hokkaidou-index-team a:hover:before{ background-position: -30px -210px; }<br />
<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo{<br />
text-align: center;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo img{<br />
display: block;<br />
width: 240px;<br />
height: 240px;<br />
border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;<br />
margin: 0 auto;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-official-team-logo .hokkaidou-description{<br />
font-size: small;<br />
color: #ababab;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul{<br />
margin: 20px 0 !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul {zoom: 1;}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul:after {content: ""; }<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li{<br />
float: left;<br />
display: block !important;<br />
margin: 0 5px !important;<br />
padding: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li:first-child{<br />
margin-left: 0 !important;<br />
}<br />
#hokkaidou-links ul li a{<br />
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<h1> <span class="mw-headline" id="HokkaidoU_Japan"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan">HokkaidoU Japan</a></span></h1><br />
<p class="description">iGEM 2011 Team of Hokkaido University</p><br />
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<div id="hokkaidou-navigation"><ul><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-menu-home"><strong class="selflink">Home</strong></li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-menu-team"><a href="/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Team" title="Team:HokkaidoU Japan/Team">Team</a></li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-menu-project"><a href="/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Project" title="Team:HokkaidoU Japan/Project">Project</a></li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-menu-parts"><a href="/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Parts" title="Team:HokkaidoU Japan/Parts">Parts</a></li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-menu-protocol"><a href="/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Protocols" title="Team:HokkaidoU Japan/Protocols">Protocols</a></li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-menu-notebook"><a href="/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Notebook" title="Team:HokkaidoU Japan/Notebook">Notebook</a></li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-menu-safety"><a href="/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Safety" title="Team:HokkaidoU Japan/Safety">Safety</a></li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-menu-humanpractice"><a href="/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/HumanPractice" title="Team:HokkaidoU Japan/HumanPractice">Human Practice</a></li><br />
</ul></div><br />
</div><br />
<div id="hokkaidou-content"><br />
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HokkaidoU_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">HokkaidoU Japan</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acknowledgements"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgements</span></a><br />
<ul><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-2"><a href="#Laboratory_and_Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Laboratory and Personnel</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_Institutions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academic Institutions</span></a></li><br />
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Companies"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Companies</span></a></li><br />
</ul><br />
</li><br />
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</li><br />
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<li id="hokkaidou-index-team"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Team">Team<br />
<span class="hokkaidou-description"><br />
The HokkaidoU_Japan is formed by 16 students and 3 instructors<br />
</span><br />
</a><br />
</li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-index-project"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Project">Project<br />
<span class="hokkaidou-description"><br />
We tried to further develop E. coli-based protein injection system which we started working on during iGEM 2010<br />
</span><br />
</a><br />
</li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-index-parts"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Parts">Parts<br />
<span class="hokkaidou-description"><br />
Ready-to-inject backbone and Bsa I cloning system<br />
</span><br />
</a><br />
</li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-index-protocol"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Protocols">Protocol<br />
<span class="hokkaidou-description"><br />
General protocols, Primers and methods of infection assay<br />
</span><br />
</a><br />
</li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-index-notebook"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Notebook">Notebook<br />
<span class="hokkaidou-description"><br />
The record of our many failures and a bit of achievement<br />
</span><br />
</a><br />
</li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-index-safety"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Safety">Safety<br />
<span class="hokkaidou-description"><br />
Addressing safety concerns <br />
</span><br />
</a><br />
</li><br />
<li id="hokkaidou-index-humanpractice"><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/HumanPractice">Human Practice<br />
<span class="hokkaidou-description"><br />
Science art gallery "BIO ART"<br />
</span><br />
</a><br />
</li><br />
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<span class="hokkaidou-description">iGEM HokkaidoU_Japan Official Team Logo</span><br />
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/6/64/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_7.jpg"> <br />
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<h2>HokkaidoU_Japan 2011</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li> <br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8a/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_1.jpg"> <br />
<div class="lof-main-item-desc"><br />
<h2>Welcome to the BIOxART Gallery!!</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/b/b5/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_2.jpg"> <br />
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<h2>Be careful not to contaminate...</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li> <br />
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/0/01/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_3.jpg"> <br />
<div class="lof-main-item-desc"><br />
<h2>Meeting, meeting and MEETING!</h2><br />
</div><br />
</li> <br />
<li><br />
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/d/d1/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_4.jpg"> <br />
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<h2>Dr. <i>E. coli</i> get ready for the job</h2><br />
</div><br />
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<h2>BIOxART, please feel free to look around</h2><br />
</div><br />
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/7/74/IGEM_HokkaidoU_Index_Slideshow_6.jpg"> <br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach
2012-10-02T04:54:57Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References">References</a><br />
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<div id="m4" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">Parts Submitted</a><br />
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<div id="m5" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_2">Genetics</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
</div><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m6')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Human Practice</a><br />
<div id="m6" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach">Outreach</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Collaborations">Collaboration</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety" onmouseover="mopen('m7')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Safety</a><br />
<div id="m7" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety">Safety</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Security">Security</a><br />
</div><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m8')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Sponsors</a><br />
<div id="m8" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
</div><br />
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<div id="m9" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
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<div style="clear:both"></div><br />
<!-- /span></div --><br />
<!-- /dd --><br />
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</head><br />
</html><br />
<br />
= Outreach =</div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators
2012-10-02T04:30:19Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
<hr />
<div><!--- The Mission, Experiments ---><br />
<!--<br />
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!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012&team_name=Columbia-Cooper-NYC Official Team Profile]<br />
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!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Modeling|Modeling]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Attributions|Attributions]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor Us|Sponsor Us]]<br />
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<ul id="sddm" style="width:1000px;margin:0 auto"><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_2">Genetics</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
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</div><br />
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<div id="m7" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety">Safety</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Security">Security</a><br />
</div><br />
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<div id="m8" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Main_Page" onmouseover="mopen('m9')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">iGEM</a><br />
<div id="m9" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
</div><br />
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<div style="clear:both"></div><br />
<!-- /span></div --><br />
<!-- /dd --><br />
</script><br />
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</head><br />
</html><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<!--<br />
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<style><br />
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--><br />
<h2>'''Advisors'''</h2><br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Advisor_1.png|200px|right]]<br />
'''Scott A. Banta''': <br />
<p>Scott Banta received his PhD from Rutgers University in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and he went on to a postdoctoral fellowship at the Center for Engineering in Medicine at Harvard Medical School. He is currently an Associate Professor in Chemical Engineering at Columbia University and his research is focused on applied protein and metabolic engineering. His group works on different projects in gene and drug delivery, protein and peptide conformational behavior, biomolecular recognition, biosensors, biocatalysis, bioelectrocatalysis, and bioenergy applications. In his scant spare time he enjoys dominating his fantasy football leagues.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Advisor_2.png|200px|left]]<br />
'''David Orbach''': <br />
<p>David Orbach joined Cooper Union in the summer of 2008 with a BS in Agricultural and Biological Engineering from Cornell University and a MS in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Rochester. Before joining Cooper he also earned an MD, did an intern year, and developed an interest in improving efficiency and patient throughput in the Emergency Room setting. He teaches several biology and biomedical engineering courses, including cell and molecular biology, physiology, and microbiology; helps direct the Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering; and serves as the college’s pre-medical advisor. Outside of Cooper, David now helps create iPhone apps and workbooks for children. See www.Brain-go.com.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Laboratory_Technician_1.png|200px|right]] <br />
'''Dionne Lutz, Laboratory Technician''': <br />
<p>Dionne loves working as the technician for the Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering at Cooper Union. She enjoys having a biology-centric prospective in an engineering environment. An avid knitter, she also spends her time making cookies and playing Minecraft.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Ph.D._Student_2.png|200px|left]]<br />
'''Sudipta Majumdar, Ph.D. Student''':<br />
<p>Sudipta Majumdar is a research scientist at the Columbia University Chemical Engineering Department pursuing his interest of the application of biochemistry for the development of next generation biofuels. Before coming to Columbia he went to Wesleyan University and University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and received his PhD in <br />
Chemistry.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Ph.D._Student_3.png|200px|right]]<br />
'''Kevin Dooley, Ph.D. Student''':<br />
<p>Kevin is a Ph.D candidate in chemical engineering at Columbia University.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Grad_Student_1.png|200px|left]]<br />
'''Jason Candreva, Grad Student''': <br />
<p>Jason is a graduate student at Columbia University.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<html><br />
<head> <br />
<style type="text/css"><br />
body{background-image:url('http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8039/7990439399_1970f791f6_h.jpg');<br />
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<br />
body{background-image:url('http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8173/7989724336_9e5441e3ff_b.jpg');<br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Advisor_1.png
File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC Advisor 1.png
2012-10-02T04:29:30Z
<p>MChowdhury: uploaded a new version of &quot;File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC Advisor 1.png&quot;</p>
<hr />
<div>Banta's Profile Pic</div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators
2012-10-02T04:27:59Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
<hr />
<div><!--- The Mission, Experiments ---><br />
<!--<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#0c6;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="1" bordercolor="#fff" width="62%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012&team_name=Columbia-Cooper-NYC Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Modeling|Modeling]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Attributions|Attributions]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor Us|Sponsor Us]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Trial|Trial]]<br />
|}<br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m2')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Team</a><br />
<div id="m2" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team">Biographies</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators">Facilitators</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Universities">The University(s)</a><br />
<a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012">Official Profile</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m3')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Project</a><br />
<div id="m3" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Overview">Overview</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Data_and_Conclusions">Data and Conclusions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Future_Directions">Future Directions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References">References</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m4')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Parts</a><br />
<div id="m4" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">Parts Submitted</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m5')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Lab Notebook</a><br />
<div id="m5" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_2">Genetics</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m6')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Human Practice</a><br />
<div id="m6" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach">Outreach</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Collaborations">Collaboration</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety" onmouseover="mopen('m7')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Safety</a><br />
<div id="m7" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety">Safety</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Security">Security</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m8')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Sponsors</a><br />
<div id="m8" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Main_Page" onmouseover="mopen('m9')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">iGEM</a><br />
<div id="m9" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
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<h2>'''Advisors'''</h2><br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Advisor_1.png|300px|right]]<br />
'''Scott A. Banta''': <br />
<p>Scott Banta received his PhD from Rutgers University in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and he went on to a postdoctoral fellowship at the Center for Engineering in Medicine at Harvard Medical School. He is currently an Associate Professor in Chemical Engineering at Columbia University and his research is focused on applied protein and metabolic engineering. His group works on different projects in gene and drug delivery, protein and peptide conformational behavior, biomolecular recognition, biosensors, biocatalysis, bioelectrocatalysis, and bioenergy applications. In his scant spare time he enjoys dominating his fantasy football leagues.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Advisor_2.png|300px|left]]<br />
'''David Orbach''': <br />
<p>David Orbach joined Cooper Union in the summer of 2008 with a BS in Agricultural and Biological Engineering from Cornell University and a MS in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Rochester. Before joining Cooper he also earned an MD, did an intern year, and developed an interest in improving efficiency and patient throughput in the Emergency Room setting. He teaches several biology and biomedical engineering courses, including cell and molecular biology, physiology, and microbiology; helps direct the Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering; and serves as the college’s pre-medical advisor. Outside of Cooper, David now helps create iPhone apps and workbooks for children. See www.Brain-go.com.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Laboratory_Technician_1.png|300px|right]] <br />
'''Dionne Lutz, Laboratory Technician''': <br />
<p>Dionne loves working as the technician for the Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering at Cooper Union. She enjoys having a biology-centric prospective in an engineering environment. An avid knitter, she also spends her time making cookies and playing Minecraft.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Ph.D._Student_2.png|300px|left]]<br />
'''Sudipta Majumdar, Ph.D. Student''':<br />
<p>Sudipta Majumdar is a research scientist at the Columbia University Chemical Engineering Department pursuing his interest of the application of biochemistry for the development of next generation biofuels. Before coming to Columbia he went to Wesleyan University and University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and received his PhD in <br />
Chemistry.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Ph.D._Student_3.png|300px|right]]<br />
'''Kevin Dooley, Ph.D. Student''':<br />
<p>Kevin is a Ph.D candidate in chemical engineering at Columbia University.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Grad_Student_1.png|300px|left]]<br />
'''Jason Candreva, Grad Student''': <br />
<p>Jason is a graduate student at Columbia University.</p><br />
<br />
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MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
2012-09-29T21:51:06Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m2')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Team</a><br />
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<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team">Biographies</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Facilitators">Facilitators</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Universities">The University(s)</a><br />
<a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2012">Official Profile</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m3')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Project</a><br />
<div id="m3" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Overview">Overview</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Data_and_Conclusions">Data and Conclusions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Future_Directions">Future Directions</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/References">References</a><br />
</div><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m4')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Parts</a><br />
<div id="m4" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Parts_Submitted">Parts Submitted</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m5')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Lab Notebook</a><br />
<div id="m5" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_2">Genetics</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Columbia_notebook_1">Copper Etching</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
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<div id="m6" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Outreach">Outreach</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Collaborations">Collaboration</a><br />
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<li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety" onmouseover="mopen('m7')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Safety</a><br />
<div id="m7" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Safety">Safety</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Security">Security</a><br />
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<li><a href="#" onmouseover="mopen('m8')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">Sponsors</a><br />
<div id="m8" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Sponsor_Us">Sponsor Us</a><br />
<a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
<li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Main_Page" onmouseover="mopen('m9')" onmouseout="mclosetime()">iGEM</a><br />
<div id="m9" onmouseover="mcancelclosetime()" onmouseout="mclosetime()"><br />
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<h2>'''Undergraduates'''</h2><br />
<br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_1.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Adam Cerini''': <p>The organism “Adam cerini” is a species of civil engineering student. The Cooper Union is his natural habitat, although he has been observed to migrate to Huntington, NY during the summer months. He appears to have matured to the “sophomore” level. One marked feature of Cerini is his intelligence, a characteristic shared by many species in the engineering family. This feature is suspected to be the cause of his interests in civil engineering, architecture, biochemistry, nanotechnology, environmental science, and biomimicry. Cerini has been shown to undertake complex projects of various types and levels of success, such as mimicking cuttlefish camouflage with LCD’s, constructing a marimba from PVC pipes, designing a bamboo hut for refugees, building an electronic game via breadboards, composing electronic music, and most recently, genetically modifying bacteria for iGEM.</p> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_2.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Marjana Chowdhury''': <p>Despite being from the bustling streets of New York City, Marjana was born to live in the wild. This nature lover and rising sophomore intends to major in Environmental Biology at Columbia University. In the past, Marjana's research has scaled a size spectrum ranging from immense invasive species to minuscule endangered species. As part of the Columbia-Cooper iGEM team, she is excited about her newest and smallest challenge yet, microorganisms.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_4.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Ciera Lowe''': <p>Ciera is a rising junior at The Cooper Union majoring in chemical engineering with a minor in biomedical engineering. She joined the iGEM team because this competition provides an amazing opportunity to gain hands on experience in synthetic biology, an exciting field full of potential to improve the world we live in. In addition to her studies, Ciera keeps busy by playing foosball on Cooper’s newly acquired table, playing basketball with Cooper’s women’s team or organizing events with the engineering student council and Cooper’s National Society of Black Engineers chapter.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_5.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Anna Mai''': <p>Anna Mai is a rising junior majoring in chemical engineering at Columbia University, with a minor in environmental engineering. She joined IGEM because it presented an interesting medium for interacting with engineers around the world and providing hands on experience in the highly applicable field of synthetic biology. In her spare time she enjoys playing ultimate Frisbee, building paper crafts, and serenading her neighbors (not well).</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_11.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Yuta Makita''': <p>Yuta Makita is a rising sophomore studying chemical engineering at the Cooper Union. Yuta joined the iGEM team with an interest in research based study and process of synthetic biology and the microscopic world. In addition to academic studies, he enjoys taking part in orchestra related activities by playing the viola.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_6.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Nicholas Mannarino''': <p>Nicholas Mannarino is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying chemical engineering, with a hope to specialize in biomedical engineering and biotechnology. He joined IGEM because it seemed like a great way to spend a summer getting acquainted with a field he is interested in. In his spare time, Nicholas enjoys playing the guitar and long-distance running.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_7.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Aakash Mansukhani''': <p>When he’s not obsessively watching American Idol videos or playing tunes on his guitar, Aakash Mansukhani studies chemical engineering at Columbia University. As a rising sophomore, Aakash hopes that participating in IGEM will help him learn more about how principles from chemical engineering and synthetic biology can be combined to program bacteria. In his free time, Aakash loves to sing and reinvent pop songs by putting his own acoustic spin on them.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_8.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Steven Neuhaus''': <p>Steven Neuhaus is a rising sophomore who studies chemical engineering at The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. He’s quite fond of the idea of using little things to solve big problems, and joined iGEM because it provides a tremendous opportunity to do just that (and also time to play in the lab!). Steven also enjoys pointing out that writing about oneself in the third person is extremely awkward, is interested in most things that are interesting, and if you show him something cool, he’s usually more than glad to run with it.</p> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_9.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Kirsten Nicassio''': <p>Kirsten Nicassio just finished her freshman year at The Cooper Union. She is majoring in chemical engineering, with an intended math minor. She joined IGEM because of interest in the field of biomedical engineering. In her spare time, Kirsten enjoys reading, knitting, and swimming.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_10.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Udochukwu (Ud) Okorafor''': <p>Ud Okorafor is a rising senior at Columbia University. He is majoring in chemical engineering and has interests in protein engineering and pharmaceuticals. He joined IGEM because he enjoyed the research he had done previously on genetic engineering of E. coli. In his spare time, he enjoys playing various sports, reading science fiction books, and watching movies.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_12.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Saimon Sharif''': <p>Saimon is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying Chemical Engineering and intends to minor in Mathematics. He joined IGEM because it gives him the opportunity to apply engineering and creativity to biology. In his spare time, Saimon enjoys listening to alternative rock and watching science fiction television shows.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_13.png|300px|left]]<br />
'''Vincent Xu''': <p>Vincent is a rising senior at Columbia University majoring in chemical engineering and minoring in applied mathematics. He is more interested in computational modeling than lab work and has been doing research in the applied math department since the summer of his freshman year. He decided to join IGEM because he thinks that it’s a good chance to learn something about biology, which is a subject he hasn’t studied since high school, and to get involved in any computational or modeling work. In addition to enjoying popular activities that college students engage in, such as eating and sleeping, Vincent does ballroom dancing.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>'''High School Students'''</h2><br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_14.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Richard Shi''': <p>Richard Shi is a high school research student at Jericho High School. He had previously studied and written a paper based on the Dye Sensitized Solar Cell at Farmingdale University. He joined iGEM to vary his exposure to different sciences (moving from the engineering sciences to synthetic biology) and hopes to collect data for the upcoming Intel STS competition. He hopes to bring much to the table, despite being in high school.</p><br />
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http://2012.igem.org/File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_14.jpg
File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC Team member 14.jpg
2012-09-29T21:48:41Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_13.png
File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC Team member 13.png
2012-09-29T21:48:14Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<div></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_12.jpg
File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC Team member 12.jpg
2012-09-29T21:47:30Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_10.jpg
File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC Team member 10.jpg
2012-09-29T21:46:52Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_8.jpg
File:Columbia-Cooper-NYC Team member 8.jpg
2012-09-29T21:46:17Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<div></div>
MChowdhury
http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Team
2012-09-29T21:44:41Z
<p>MChowdhury: </p>
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<br />
<h2>'''Undergraduates'''</h2><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_1.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Adam Cerini''': <p>The organism “Adam cerini” is a species of civil engineering student. The Cooper Union is his natural habitat, although he has been observed to migrate to Huntington, NY during the summer months. He appears to have matured to the “sophomore” level. One marked feature of Cerini is his intelligence, a characteristic shared by many species in the engineering family. This feature is suspected to be the cause of his interests in civil engineering, architecture, biochemistry, nanotechnology, environmental science, and biomimicry. Cerini has been shown to undertake complex projects of various types and levels of success, such as mimicking cuttlefish camouflage with LCD’s, constructing a marimba from PVC pipes, designing a bamboo hut for refugees, building an electronic game via breadboards, composing electronic music, and most recently, genetically modifying bacteria for iGEM.</p> <br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_2.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Marjana Chowdhury''': <p>Despite being from the bustling streets of New York City, Marjana was born to live in the wild. This nature lover and rising sophomore intends to major in Environmental Biology at Columbia University. In the past, Marjana's research has scaled a size spectrum ranging from immense invasive species to minuscule endangered species. As part of the Columbia-Cooper iGEM team, she is excited about her newest and smallest challenge yet, microorganisms.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_4.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Ciera Lowe''': <p>Ciera is a rising junior at The Cooper Union majoring in chemical engineering with a minor in biomedical engineering. She joined the iGEM team because this competition provides an amazing opportunity to gain hands on experience in synthetic biology, an exciting field full of potential to improve the world we live in. In addition to her studies, Ciera keeps busy by playing foosball on Cooper’s newly acquired table, playing basketball with Cooper’s women’s team or organizing events with the engineering student council and Cooper’s National Society of Black Engineers chapter.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_5.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Anna Mai''': <p>Anna Mai is a rising junior majoring in chemical engineering at Columbia University, with a minor in environmental engineering. She joined IGEM because it presented an interesting medium for interacting with engineers around the world and providing hands on experience in the highly applicable field of synthetic biology. In her spare time she enjoys playing ultimate Frisbee, building paper crafts, and serenading her neighbors (not well).</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_11.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Yuta Makita''': <p>Yuta Makita is a rising sophomore studying chemical engineering at the Cooper Union. Yuta joined the iGEM team with an interest in research based study and process of synthetic biology and the microscopic world. In addition to academic studies, he enjoys taking part in orchestra related activities by playing the viola.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_6.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Nicholas Mannarino''': <p>Nicholas Mannarino is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying chemical engineering, with a hope to specialize in biomedical engineering and biotechnology. He joined IGEM because it seemed like a great way to spend a summer getting acquainted with a field he is interested in. In his spare time, Nicholas enjoys playing the guitar and long-distance running.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_7.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Aakash Mansukhani''': <p>When he’s not obsessively watching American Idol videos or playing tunes on his guitar, Aakash Mansukhani studies chemical engineering at Columbia University. As a rising sophomore, Aakash hopes that participating in IGEM will help him learn more about how principles from chemical engineering and synthetic biology can be combined to program bacteria. In his free time, Aakash loves to sing and reinvent pop songs by putting his own acoustic spin on them.</p><br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_8.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Steven Neuhaus''': <p>Steven Neuhaus is a rising sophomore who studies chemical engineering at The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. He’s quite fond of the idea of using little things to solve big problems, and joined iGEM because it provides a tremendous opportunity to do just that (and also time to play in the lab!). Steven also enjoys pointing out that writing about oneself in the third person is extremely awkward, is interested in most things that are interesting, and if you show him something cool, he’s usually more than glad to run with it.</p> <br />
<br />
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[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_9.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Kirsten Nicassio''': <p>Kirsten Nicassio just finished her freshman year at The Cooper Union. She is majoring in chemical engineering, with an intended math minor. She joined IGEM because of interest in the field of biomedical engineering. In her spare time, Kirsten enjoys reading, knitting, and swimming.</p><br />
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<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_10.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
'''Udochukwu (Ud) Okorafor''': <p>Ud Okorafor is a rising senior at Columbia University. He is majoring in chemical engineering and has interests in protein engineering and pharmaceuticals. He joined IGEM because he enjoyed the research he had done previously on genetic engineering of E. coli. In his spare time, he enjoys playing various sports, reading science fiction books, and watching movies.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_12.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Saimon Sharif''': <p>Saimon is a rising sophomore at The Cooper Union. He is studying Chemical Engineering and intends to minor in Mathematics. He joined IGEM because it gives him the opportunity to apply engineering and creativity to biology. In his spare time, Saimon enjoys listening to alternative rock and watching science fiction television shows.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_13.png|300px|left]]<br />
'''Vincent Xu''': <p>Vincent is a rising senior at Columbia University majoring in chemical engineering and minoring in applied mathematics. He is more interested in computational modeling than lab work and has been doing research in the applied math department since the summer of his freshman year. He decided to join IGEM because he thinks that it’s a good chance to learn something about biology, which is a subject he hasn’t studied since high school, and to get involved in any computational or modeling work. In addition to enjoying popular activities that college students engage in, such as eating and sleeping, Vincent does ballroom dancing.</p><br />
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<h2>'''High School Students'''</h2><br />
<br />
[[Image:Columbia-Cooper-NYC_Team_member_14.jpg|200px|right]]<br />
'''Richard Shi''': <p>Richard Shi is a high school research student at Jericho High School. He had previously studied and written a paper based on the Dye Sensitized Solar Cell at Farmingdale University. He joined iGEM to vary his exposure to different sciences (moving from the engineering sciences to synthetic biology) and hopes to collect data for the upcoming Intel STS competition. He hopes to bring much to the table, despite being in high school.</p><br />
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MChowdhury