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From 2012.igem.org

Characterization

 

We characterize clover 2(Part K738002) we designed in split GFP methods.

 

Clover 2 is synthesized by Genscript and is a regulatory and tunable RNA scaffold with a theophylline aptamer. As we design it, when theophylline is added, MS2 aptamer will be free to combine FA tagged MS2 protein and closer with PP7 aptamer thus give out increasing light. We use fluorescence microscope, confocal microscopy and microplate reader to test our riboscaffold clover 2. For microplate hybrid reader experiments, fluorescence intensity/ OD 630 are used to be measurement criteria for comparison of the ability of give out light in microplate hybrid reader test.

 

Scaffold

 

We use fluorescence complementation to detect 3D comformational change of our riboscaffold clover 2. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) split into two halves (FA and FB) fused to the PP7 or MS2 aptamer binding proteins was used. Cells expressing FA and FB alone or clover 2 without the split GFPs displayed little fluorescence. However, the coexpression of clover 2 with the split GFPs showed increased fluorescence. Thus, our RNA scaffold clover 2 served as docking sites to promote protein-protein interactions in cells.

 

We make a series of cotransformation containing D0,clover2,FA,FB,FA+D0,FB+D0,FB+clover 2,FA+FB,and FA+FB+D0 & FA+FB+clover2. At mid-log phase we low-temperature-induced the E.colis by adding IPTG (0.2mM & 1mM) at 20 degree. After 5 hours, strains containing clover 2 were adding 0.5mM Theophylline. Successfully results are shown as we expected that, strains expressing only RNA scaffolds almost don't give out light, strains expressing FA+FB give out medium light and strains containing RNA scaffold &FA+FB emit a powerful beam after excitation.

 

To our surprise, the RNA scaffold clover 2 serves as a more effective scaffold than the origin D0, whose luminescence efficiency is 124.67% and performs better than D0 by 39.5%.

 

(Formula: `luminescence \quad efficiency=\frac{\frac{FI}{OD(FA+FB+scaffold)-\frac{FI}{OD(FA+FB)}}}{\frac{FI}{OD(FA+FB)}}`

 

Regulate and control by Theophylline

 

To characterise the theophylline tuned RNA scaffold clover 2 (part K738002), we quantified their activation at different theophylline concentrations (0 mM,0.1mM, 0.2 mM, 0.3mM, 0.4 mM, 0.5 mM, 0.6 mM, 0.7 mM,1 mM) over a period of time using fluorometry. Competent E. coli (strain BL21*DE3) cells were transformed with plasmid vectors containing the riboscaffold and were cultured until the mid-log phase of growth, then 0.2mM IPTG were added. After 3 hours, a different concentration of theophylline was added to each culture for induction. 2 hours later, we use PBS to wash the culture and prepare for following tests. The regulatory effect of the Theophylline aptamer was detected as a fluorescent response as a result of increased release of the MS2 aptamer. MS2 aptamer will be free to combine MS2 protein tagged FA and be closer with PP7 aptamer when Theophylline adding. A Synergy Hybrid Reader was used to excite the cultures at 480 nm and the intensity of the emission peak was detected at 535 nm. 3 replications were taken each culture, and 4 repeated experiment.

 

We find that up to a certain point (0.5 mM), a positive correlation exists between the GFP production and theophylline concentration, indicating that at first MS2 aptamer and theophylline aptamer are interacting(through specific base pairing) and close, when theophylline goes in, MS2 aptamer combines FA+MS2 and interact with FB+PP7 on PP7 aptamer thus give out fluorescence light. More theophylline, more light. SAS software results show significant variation(P-value<0.05) between 0mM theophylline and 0.5mM theophylline (optimum theophylline concentration to make clover 2 work) effects on clover 2.

 

It turns out that our riboscaffold clover 2 can be regulated and controlled through conformational change by theophylline. This scaffold, by theophylline management, could have a variety of functions, more than accelerate the reaction, but whether to accelerate or not, the degree of acceleration and even reduce the reaction rate.