Team:Peking/Project/3D/2D

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Summary

We transformed E. coli strain BL21 with the optimized light sensor and a GFP reporter, we performed a series of plate assays which were carried out as graphic visual depictions of our LexA-VVD device.

Through blue light exposure on a lawn of bacteria, light-induced spatial control of gene expression in E. coli is achieved in our experiment. This has the potential to be used to "print" complex biological materials^[1] or to control metabolic pathways in a cheaper and more precise way in the future.

Fig 1. Printing result – the right image shows that the bacteria did not die or flee, but instead they evenly distributed across the plate.

Prepare the Plate

We transformed the strain BL21 and grew the cultures overnight in 5mL of LB broth + respective antibiotics in 30^oC, followed by irradiating in blue LED (465nm,6-10μW/cm²). 1 mL suspension culture (OD₆₀₀~0.9-1.6) were added into 100mL of LB solid medium (0.6g agarose with respective antibiotics) and the mixture was poured into culture dishes.

Printer Design

After several attempts, a simple printer (Figure 2) was put into use for printing experiments. A single blue LED served as the light source and was put at the focal point of a convex lens. Both the LED and the convex lens were securely fastened on a "light-tight" tube, with the purpose of shielding stray light. Through the use of this device, parallel light is obtained. A "photo-mask" was then adhered to the bottom of the plate and securely fastened onto the tube. The whole device was then wrapped in black fabric and incubated in 30^oC. As it is fairly easy to produce the "photo-mask", images could be printed with convenience.

Fig. 2 (a)The printer that uses the photo-mask. The blue LED is placed at the focal point of the convex lens.(b)(c)Even complex Chinese characters can be printed. The line width is approximately about 1 mm. This character means illumination or sunshine.

We also had a different printer design in which an Apple iPad is used as a light source. It is used to serve as an interface between cellular and electronic components^[2] (Figure 3a). We made use of the image formation property of the convex lens to form images directly onto the plate. The tube is adjustable to form a sharper image on the plate.

Fig. 3 (a) Printer utilizing an Apple iPad retina display. The tube is adjustable to form a sharper image on the plate.(b)(c) An apple logo is printed.

Discuss: How to get sharper image

Three key points need to be considered for 2D-printing: dark room, parallel light or clear image formation, thin plate.

(1) As the LexA-VVD is highly sensitive, it is vital for it to stay shielded from stray light. The device needs to be separated from the indoor lighting environment, or it may accidentally sense the extraneous light and the imaging process would be disturbed, resulting in inaccurate results.

2) In regards to the device using parallel light, it is important to keep the light parallel, which requires careful measurement of the focal length. (Figure 4 a-c)

3) A thinner plate produces sharper edges, though the contrast ratio would become lower, for fewer bacteria exist on the plate. (Figure 4 d-f)

Fig.4 (a)-(c) These three figures demonstrate how parallel light produces sharper images. (d)-(f) These three figures explain how thinner plates produce sharper images.

Reference

1. Christopher A. Voigt.et al. Nature 438; 441-442 (2005).
2. Christopher A. Voigt Nature 481; 33 (2012)

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
   <h3 id="title1">Summary</h3>
   <p>
-Having obtained the E.coli strain BL21 transformed with the optimized light sensor and GFP reporter, a series of plate assays were carried out as a graphic visual depiction of our LexA-VVD device.
+We transformed <i>E. coli</i> strain BL21 with the optimized light sensor and a GFP reporter, we performed a series of plate assays which were carried out as graphic visual depictions of our LexA-VVD device.
    <br /><br />
-Through blue light exposure on a lawn of bacteria, light-induced spatial control of gene expression in E.coli is achieved in our experiment, which might be used to 'print' complex biological materials<sup><a href="#ref1" title="Christopher A. Voigt.et al. Nature 438; 441-442 (2005)">[1]</a></sup> and to control metabolic pathways in a cheaper and more precise way in the future.
+Through blue light exposure on a lawn of bacteria, light-induced spatial control of gene expression in <i>E. coli</i> is achieved in our experiment. This has the potential to be used to "print" complex biological materials<sup><a href="#ref1" title="Christopher A. Voigt.et al. Nature 438; 441-442 (2005)">[1]</a></sup> or to control metabolic pathways in a cheaper and more precise way in the future.
-  <br /><br />
-The right image shows that the bacteria did not die or flee, for they evenly distribute in the plate.
   </p>
+ <div class="floatC">
+  <img src="" alt="[Fig 1.]" />
+  <p class="description">
+Fig 1. Printing result – the right image shows that the bacteria did not die or flee, but instead they evenly distributed across the plate.
+  </p>
+ </div>
 </div>
 <div class="PKU_context floatR">
   <h3 id="title2">Prepare the Plate</h3>
   <p>
-The strain we used is BL21 transformed with Overnight cultures are grown in 5 mL of LB broth + appropriate antibiotics in 30<sup>o</sup>C and irradiated by blue LED (465nm,6-10μW/cm<sup>2</sup>). 1 mL suspension culture (OD<sub>600</sub>~0.9-1.6) is added into 100mL LB solid medium (0.6g agarose and appropriate antibiotics added). Pour the mixture into culture dishes.
+We transformed the strain BL21 and grew the cultures overnight in 5mL of LB broth + respective antibiotics in 30<sup>o</sup>C, followed by irradiating in blue LED (465nm,6-10μW/cm<sup>2</sup>). 1 mL suspension culture (OD<sub>600</sub>~0.9-1.6) were added into 100mL of LB solid medium (0.6g agarose with respective antibiotics) and the mixture was poured into culture dishes.
   </p>
 </div>
@@ Line 26: / Line 30: @@
   <h3 id="title2">Printer Design</h3>
   <p>
-After several attempts, a simple printer (Figure 2) is put into use for printing experiments. A single blue LED serves as the light source and is put at the focal point of a convex lens. Both the LED and the convex lens are fixed on an opaque cylinder which is aimed at shielding stray light. Through this device, parallel light is obtained. A photomask is then sticked to the bottom of the plate and fixed on the tube. The whole device is wrapped in black fabric and grown in 30<sup>o</sup>C. As it is easy to produce the photomask, images could be printed conveniently.
+After several attempts, a simple printer (Figure 2) was put into use for printing experiments. A single blue LED served as the light source and was put at the focal point of a convex lens. Both the LED and the convex lens were securely fastened on a "light-tight" tube, with the purpose of shielding stray light. Through the use of this device, parallel light is obtained. A "photo-mask" was then adhered to the bottom of the plate and securely fastened onto the tube. The whole device was then wrapped in black fabric and incubated in 30<sup>o</sup>C. As it is fairly easy to produce the "photo-mask", images could be printed with convenience.
   </p>
   <div class="floatC">
    <img src="" alt="" />
-   <p class="description">Fig. 2 (a)The printer that uses photomask. The blue LED is put at the focal point of the convex lens.(b)(c)Complex Chinese character is printed. The line width is about 1 mm. This character means illumination or sunshine.</p>
+   <p class="description">Fig. 2 (a)The printer that uses the photo-mask. The blue LED is placed at the focal point of the convex lens.(b)(c)Even complex Chinese characters can be printed. The line width is approximately about 1 mm. This character means illumination or sunshine.</p>
   </div>
   <p>
-Furthermore, another printer is designed to serve as an interface between cellular and electronic components<sup><a href="#ref2" title="">[2]</a></sup> (Figure <a href="#fig3">3a</a>). <i>iPad</i> serves as a light source. We make use of the image formation property of convex lens to form image directly on the plate. The tube is adjustable to form a sharper image on the plate.
+We also had a different printer design in which an Apple iPad is used as a light source. It is used to serve as an interface between cellular and electronic components<sup><a href="#ref2" title="">[2]</a></sup> (Figure <a href="#fig3">3a</a>). We made use of the image formation property of the convex lens to form images directly onto the plate. The tube is adjustable to form a sharper image on the plate.
   </p>
   <div class="floatC">
    <img src="" alt="" />
-   <p class="description">Fig. 3 (a) The printer that uses iPad. The tube is adjustable to form a sharper image on the plate. (b)(c) An apple logo is printed.</p>
+   <p class="description">Fig. 3 (a) Printer utilizing an Apple iPad retina display. The tube is adjustable to form a sharper image on the plate.(b)(c) An apple logo is printed.</p>
   </div>
 </div>
@@ Line 43: / Line 47: @@
   <h3 id="title3">Discuss: How to get sharper image</h3>
   <p>
-Three key points is supposed to be considered in printing: dark room, parallel light or clear image formation, thin plate.
+Three key points need to be considered for 2D-printing: dark room, parallel light or clear image formation, thin plate.
    <br /><br />
-As the LexA-VVD is highly sensitive, it is vital to shield stray light. The device needs to be separated from the indoor lighting environment, or it might sense the room light and the imaging would be disturbed.
+(1) As the LexA-VVD is highly sensitive, it is vital for it to stay shielded from stray light. The device needs to be separated from the indoor lighting environment, or it may accidentally sense the extraneous light and the imaging process would be disturbed, resulting in inaccurate results.
    <br /><br />
-For the device that uses parallel light, it's important to keep the light parallel, which requires carefully measurement of the focal length. (Figure 4 a-c)
+) In regards to the device using parallel light, it is important to keep the light parallel, which requires careful measurement of the focal length. (Figure 4 a-c)
    <br /><br />
-A thinner plate produces sharper edge, though the contrast ratio would become lower, for less bacteria exists in the plate. (Figure 4 d-f)
+) A thinner plate produces sharper edges, though the contrast ratio would become lower, for fewer bacteria exist on the plate. (Figure 4 d-f)
   </p>
   <div class="floatC">
    <img src="" alt="" />
-   <p class="description">Fig.4 (a)-(c) This three figure show why parallel light produces sharper image. (d)-(f) This three figure show why thinner plate produces sharper image.</p>
+   <p class="description">
+Fig.4 (a)-(c) These three figures demonstrate how parallel light produces sharper images. (d)-(f) These three figures explain how thinner plates produce sharper images.
+  </p>
   </div>
 </div>