Team:Colombia/Project/Experiments/Aliivibrio and Streptomyces

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Aim

Our system heavily relies in the ability of our bacteria to sense environmental cues belonging to the pathogens we’re particularly concerned of. Chitin is one of the main components of fungal cell walls and, in consequence, we will use it as an indicator of fungal infection.

Vibrio fischeri ES114 ([http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/content/57/12/2823 now Aliivibrio fischeri ES114]) and Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) are environmental bacteria with well-characterized detection and catabolic cascades for chitin use as a carbon source. The way by which each bacteria detect the chitin is through a two-component system. Figure 1

Figure 1. A: Negative phenotype for chitin sensing. B:Dimers of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)2 pass through the outer membrane (OM) helped by a chitoporin and bind a chitin-binding protein (CBP), which unlocks the histidine kinase sensor thus starting the signalling. This leads to the activation of chitin metabolic genes. Taken from: Li and Roseman, 2003

illustrates the proposed sensing model for the system in A. fischeri, whose activation depends on the interaction CBP + N-acetyl-glucosamine starting the signaling from ChiS histidine kinase to turn on the chitinolytic genes. Figure 2 depicts how S. coelicolor uses a pretty similar system to the previously described, to phosphorylate ChiR regulator and induce transcription of the catabolism genes.

In both cases, we expect to extract and put the genes into functional and independent biobricks available to further applications of chitin sensing and/or degradation.

Our bacteria

Aliivibrio fischeri ES114

Aliivibrio fischeri ES114
Taxonomy[1]	Superkingdom	Bacteria
	Phylum	Proteobacteria
	Class	Gammaproteobacteria
	Order	Vibrionales
	Family	Vibrionaceae
	Genus	Aliivibrio
	Species	A. fischeri
	Strain	ES114

Genes a usar: Diagramita del sistema:

Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Taxonomy[2]	Superkingdom	Bacteria
	Phylum	Actinobacteria
	Class	Actinobacteria
	Order	Actinomycetales
	Family	Streptomycetaceae
	Genus	Streptomyces
	Species	Streptomyces coelicolor
	Strain	A3(2)

Genes a usar: Diagramita del sistema:

References

[1] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=312309&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser: Aliivibrio fischeri ES114]

[2] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=312309&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser: Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)]

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 Our system heavily relies in the ability of our bacteria to sense environmental cues belonging to the pathogens we’re particularly concerned of. Chitin is one of the main components of fungal cell walls and, in consequence, we will use it as an indicator of fungal infection.
-''Vibrio fischeri'' ES114 ([http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/content/57/12/2823 now ''Aliivibrio fischeri'' ES114]) and ''Streptomyces coelicolor'' A3(2) are environmental bacteria with well-characterized detection and catabolic cascades for chitin use as a carbon source. The way by which each bacteria detect the chitin is through a two-component system. Figure 1 [[File:vibrio_chitinolytic_system.jpg|thumb|350px|'''Figure 1.''' A: Negative phenotype for chitin sensing. B:Dimers of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)2 pass through the outer membrane (OM) helped by a chitoporin and bind a chitin-binding protein (CBP), which unlocks the histidine kinase sensor thus starting the signalling. This leads to the activation of chitin metabolic genes. Taken from [[#References|Li and Roseman, 2003]] ]] illustrates the proposed sensing  model for the system in ''A. fischeri'', whose activation depends on the interaction CBP + N-acetyl-glucosamine starting the signaling from ChiS histidine kinase to turn on the chitinolytic genes. Figure 2 depicts how S. coelicolor uses a pretty similar system to the previously described, to phosphorylate ChiR regulator and induce transcription of the catabolism genes.
+''Vibrio fischeri'' ES114 ([http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/content/57/12/2823 now ''Aliivibrio fischeri'' ES114]) and ''Streptomyces coelicolor'' A3(2) are environmental bacteria with well-characterized detection and catabolic cascades for chitin use as a carbon source. The way by which each bacteria detect the chitin is through a two-component system. Figure 1 [[File:vibrio_chitinolytic_system.jpg|thumb|250px|'''Figure 1.''' A: Negative phenotype for chitin sensing. B:Dimers of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)2 pass through the outer membrane (OM) helped by a chitoporin and bind a chitin-binding protein (CBP), which unlocks the histidine kinase sensor thus starting the signalling. This leads to the activation of chitin metabolic genes. Taken from: [[#References|Li and Roseman, 2003]]]] illustrates the proposed sensing  model for the system in ''A. fischeri'', whose activation depends on the interaction CBP + N-acetyl-glucosamine starting the signaling from ChiS histidine kinase to turn on the chitinolytic genes. Figure 2 depicts how S. coelicolor uses a pretty similar system to the previously described, to phosphorylate ChiR regulator and induce transcription of the catabolism genes.
 In both cases, we expect to extract and put the genes into functional and independent biobricks available to further applications of chitin sensing and/or degradation.
 ==Our bacteria==