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| - | __NOTOC__
| + | {{Template:Caltech_Header}} |
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| | <html> | | <html> |
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| | + | <h1>Biofuels and Bacterial Animations</h1> |
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| - | <style>
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| - | h1.firstHeading { display: none; }
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| - | p {text-align: justify;} | + | <p class="tab"> |
| | + | The Caltech 2012 iGEM <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Team">team's</a> project focused on manipulating bacteria to <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Project#Degradation_Project">degrade</a> stable organic polymers such as lignin and alginate; using these substrates to synthesize biofuels, specifically ethanol; and directing their ATP synthesis mechanism to rely on <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Project#Proteorhodopsin_Project">proteorhodopsin</a> as the source of the proton gradient, freeing NADH to interact in the synthetic pathway. Caltech also collaborated with California Institute of the Arts to create an animation using a plate of E. coli transformed with mCherry plasmid. To learn more about our collaboration, view our <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Human_Practice">Human Practice</a> page. |
| | + | </p> |
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| - | a:link { color: #00b0e6; text-decoration: none}
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| - | a:visited { color:#00b0e6; text-decoration: none}
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| - | a:hover { color:#f29400; text-decoration: none}
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| - | a:active { color:#f29400; text-decoration: none}
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| - | #bodyContent { padding: 10px auto; width: 910px; margin: auto; clear: none; }
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| | | | |
| - | table#Team { text-align: justify; border: 0; }
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/c/ca/Caltech_Flowchart.png" alt="Project Flowchart"/> |
| - | table#Team h2, table#Team h3 { clear: both; }
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| - | /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li ul.DropDownMenu {
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| - | }
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| - | /*
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| - | li:hover works in IE7 and FF2.
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| - | a:hover works in IE6 and FF2.
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| - | a:hover breaks li:hover in FF2.
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| - | */
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li ul.SideMenu,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a ul.SideMenu {
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| - | display: none; /* Hides all side menus. */
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| - | }
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| - | /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Menu Bar */
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| - | div.MenuBar {
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| - | font: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
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| - | height: 30px;
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| - | width: 910px;
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| - | /*width: 100%*/
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| - | margin: 0;
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| - | border-top: 0;
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| - | background: black;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul {
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| - | font: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
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| - | text-align: center;
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| - | list-style-type: none;
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| - | margin: 0.5em auto;
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| - | border: 0;
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| - | padding: 0;
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| - | background: black;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li {
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| - | font: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
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| - | display: block;
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| - | margin: 0;
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| - | font-size: 1.3em;
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| - | float: left;
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| - | background: black;
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| - | text-align: center;
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| - | width: 107px;
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| - | position: relative; /* Sets the positioning context for each drop-down menu. */
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a {
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| - | font: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
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| - | display: block;
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| - | background: black;
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| - | color: #ffffff;
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| - | padding-right: 1em; /* Sets the right space between top-level items. */
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| - | text-decoration: none;
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| - | }
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| - |
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| - | /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Drop-Down Menus */
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu {
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| - | display: block;
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| - | width: 10em; /* Drop-down menu width.
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| - | Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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| - | height: 1em;
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| - | padding: 1px; /* Sets the drop-down menu "effective border" width. */
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| - | position: absolute;
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| - | top: 23px; /* Places the drop-down menu under the menu bar.
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| - | Keep it sync with the menu bar height. */
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| - | left: 0; /* Aligns the drop-down menu to its top-level item. */
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| - | background-color: black; /* Selected item. */
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| - | color: #FFFFFF;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a {
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| - | width: 10em; /* Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width.
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| - | Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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| - | height: 1em;
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| - | padding-left: 0;
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| - | padding-right: 0;
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| - | background-color: black; /* Selected item. */
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| - | color: #FFFFFF;
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| - | }
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| - | ul.DropDownMenu li a span {
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| - | display: block;
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| - | padding-left: 0.75em; /* Sets the left space of each drop-down menu item. */
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| - | padding-right: 0.25em; /* Sets the right space of each drop-down menu item. */
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| - | text-align: right; /* Aligns the >> symbol to the right. */
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| - | }
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| - | ul.DropDownMenu li a span span {
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| - | float: left; /* Aligns the text (back) to the left. */
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| - | font: 12px arial, helvetica, sans-serif; /* Required for IE55. */
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| - | height: 20px;
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| - | color: #FFFFFF;
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| - | }
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| - | /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Side Menus */
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu {
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| - | display: block;
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| - | width: 11em; /* Side menu width.
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| - | Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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| - | padding: 1px; /* Sets the side menu "effective border" width. */
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| - | position: absolute;
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| - | top: -1px; /* Aligns the side menu to its drop-down menu item.
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| - | Keep it sync with the side menu "effective border" width. */
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| - | left: 13em; /* Places the side menu to the right of the drop-down menu.
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| - | Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width.
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| - | Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu li a {
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| - | width: 11em; /* Keep it sync with the side menu width.
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| - | Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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| - | font: 12px arial, helvetica, sans-serif; /* Required for IE55. */
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| - | left: 13em; /* Places the side menu to the right of the drop-down menu.
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| - | Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width.
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| - | Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li ul.DropDownMenu li ul.SideMenu li a span {
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| - | padding-left: 1.5em; /* Sets the left space of each side menu item. */
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| - | padding-right: 0.5em; /* Sets the right space of each side menu item. */
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| - | text-align: left;
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| - | font: 12px arial, helvetica, sans-serif; /* Required for IE55. */
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| - | left: 13em; /* Places the side menu to the right of the drop-down menu.
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| - | Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width.
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| - | Use MenuTailor.css to customize. */
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| - | }
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| - | /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Browser Specific */
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| - | * html div.MenuBar ul li a {
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| - | float: left; /* Required for IE55 and IE6.
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| - | Breaks O9.
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| - | Hidden (* html) from non-IE browsers. */
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| - | }
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| - | * html ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover {
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| - | cursor: hand; /* Required for IE55.
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| - | Hidden (* html) from non-IE browsers. */
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| - | }
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| - | ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover {
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| - | cursor: pointer; /* Required for IE6 and IE7.
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| - | Hidding it (* html) from non-IE browsers breaks IE7!
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| - | }
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| - | * html div.MenuBar a:hover {
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| - | text-decoration: none; /* Required for IE55 and IE6.
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| - | Hidden (* html) from non-IE browsers. */
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| - | }
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| - | * html div.MenuBar ul li table,
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| - | * html div.MenuBar ul li table td {
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| - | border: 0; /* Required for IE55 and IE6.
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| - | Hidden (* html) from non-IE browsers. */
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| - | }
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| - | /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Default Colors */
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| - | div.MenuBar {
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| - | background-color: Menu;
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| - | border-bottom: 1px solid ButtonShadow;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar a {
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| - | background-color: Menu; /* Top-level unselected items. */
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| - | color: MenuText;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover {
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| - | color: #ea7f16;
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| - | background-color: Highlight; /* Top-level selected item. */
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| - | color: HighlightText;
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| - | }
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| - | /*...............................................................................................*/
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu {
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| - | background-color: ButtonShadow; /* Sets the drop-down menu "effective border" color. */
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a {
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| - | background-color: Menu; Drop-down menu unselected items.
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| - | Sets the drop-down menu "effective background" color. */
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| - | color: MenuText;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover {
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| - | background-color: Highlight; /* Drop-down menu selected item. */
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| - | color: HighlightText;
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| - | }
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| - | /*...............................................................................................*/
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu {
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| - | background-color: ButtonShadow; /* Sets the side menu "effective border" color. */
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu li a {
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| - | background-color: Menu; /* Side menu unselected items.
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| - | Sets the side menu "effective background" color. */
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| - | color: MenuText;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu li a:hover,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu li a:hover {
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| - | background-color: Highlight; /* Side menu selected item. */
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| - | color: HighlightText;
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| - | }
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| - | /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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| - | /*Script-Free 3-Level Menu 1.2 Tailor
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| - | www.CesarDaniel.info
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| - | /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- General */
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| - | body {
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| - | background: orange;
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| - | color: black;
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| - | margin: 0;
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| - | border: 0;
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| - | padding: 0;
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| - | }
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | div.MenuBar {
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| - | font: 13px arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul {
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| - | font: 13px arial, helvetica, sans-serif; /* Required for IE55. */
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| - | }
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| - | /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Colors */
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| - | div.MenuBar {
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| - | background-color: black; /* Selected item. */
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| - | color: #FFFFFF;
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| - | border-bottom: 1px solid ButtonShadow;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu li a {
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| - | background-color: black; /* Selected item. */
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| - | color: #FFFFFF;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover a,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu li a:hover,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu li a:hover {
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| - | background-color: #00b0e6; /* Selected item. */
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| - | color: #FFFFFF;
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu,
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| - | div.MenuBar ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu {
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| - | background-color: ButtonShadow; /* Sets the drop-down and side menus "effective border" color. */
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| - | }
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| - | /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Widths */
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| - | /*
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| - |
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| - | /*
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| - | Menu Bar 1
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| - | Drop-Down Menu #2
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| - | */
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu#MB1-DDM4,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu#MB1-DDM4,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu#MB1-DDM4 li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu#MB1-DDM4 li a {
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| - | width: 11em; /* Drop-down menu width. */
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu#MB1-DDM5,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu#MB1-DDM5,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu#MB1-DDM5 li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu#MB1-DDM5 li a {
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| - | width: 12em; /* Drop-down menu width. */
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| - | }
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| - | /*...............................................................................................*/
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| - | Menu Bar 1
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM1,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM1 {
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| - | left: 15.5em !important; /* Places the side menu to the right of the drop-down menu.
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| - | Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width. */
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM1,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM1,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM1 li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM1 li a {
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| - | width: 10em; /* Side menu width. */
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| - | }
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| - | /*...............................................................................................*/
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| - | /*
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| - | Menu Bar 1
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| - | Drop-Down Menu #2
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| - | Side Menu #2
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| - | */
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM2,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM2 {
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| - | left: 15.5em !important; /* Places the side menu to the right of the drop-down menu.
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| - | Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width. */
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| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM2,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM2,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM2 li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM2 li a {
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| - | width: 10em; /* Side menu width. */
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| - | }
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| - | /*...............................................................................................*/
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| - | /*
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| - | Menu Bar 1
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| - | Drop-Down Menu #2
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| - | Side Menu #3
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| - | */
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM3,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM3 {
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| - | left: 15.5em !important; /* Places the side menu to the right of the drop-down menu.
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| - | Keep it sync with the drop-down menu width. */
| |
| - | }
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM3,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM3,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li:hover ul.DropDownMenu li:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM3 li a,
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| - | div.MenuBar#navi ul li a:hover ul.DropDownMenu li a:hover ul.SideMenu#MB1-DDM2-SM3 li a {
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| - | width: 10em; /* Side menu width. */
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| - | }
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| - | /*...............................................................................................*/
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| - |
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| - | </style>
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | <body>
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| - | <div id="header"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2012/7/78/TeamCaltechHeader.jpg" alt="Caltech" /></div>
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| - | <div class='MenuBar' id="navi">
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li>
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| - | <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech" style="color: orange">Home
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| - | <!--[if gt IE 6]><!--></a><!--<![endif]-->
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| - | <!--[if lt IE 7]><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><![endif]-->
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| - | <!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]-->
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| - | </li>
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| - |
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| - | <li>
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| - | <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Team" style="color: orange">Team<!--[if gt IE 6]><!--></a><!--<![endif]-->
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| - | <!--[if lt IE 7]><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><![endif]-->
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| - | <ul class="DropDownMenu" id="MB1-DDM1">
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Team#Mentors"><span><span>Mentors</span></span></a>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Team#Undergraduates"><span><span>Undergraduates</span></span></a></li>
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| - | </ul>
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| - | <!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]-->
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| - | </li>
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | <li>
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| - | <a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Project" style="color: orange">Project<!--[if gt IE 6]><!--></a><!--<![endif]-->
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| - | <!--[if lt IE 7]><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><![endif]-->
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| - | <ul class="DropDownMenu" id="MB1-DDM1">
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Project"><span><span>Overall Project</span></span></a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Notebook/material"><span><span>Materials & Methods</span></span></a>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Project/Degradation"><span><span>Degradation</span></span></a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Project/Proteorhodopsin"><span><span>Proteorhodopsin</span></span></a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Project/Biodiesel"><span><span>Biodiesel </span></span></a></li>
| |
| - | </ul>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Notebook/Degradation_Group/Notebook"><span><span>Degradation ></span></span><!--[if gt IE 6]><!--></a><!--<![endif]-->
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Notebook/material"><span><span>Materials & Methods</span></span></a>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Human_Practice/Project_Overview"><span><span>Project Overview</span></span></a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2012.igem.org/Team:Caltech/Human_Practice/Project_1"><span><span>First Project</span></span></a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2008.igem.org/Team:Heidelberg/Human_Practice/Project_2"><span><span>Second Project</span></span></a></li>
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| - | =='''From Biofilms to Biofuel'''==
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| - | '''Title....'''
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| - | The iGEM (International Genetically Engineered Machine) competition started with a handful of teams competing at MIT, and has expanded to involve over one hundred and thirty college groups developing and implementing new applications of synthetic biology. Over the summer, teams from each school utilize BioBricks supplied by MIT. BioBricks are genetic libraries of promoters and genes that can be easily incorporated into other organisms’ genomes. This allows for relatively quick manipulation of organisms to express a certain product or perform a new function. For example, the 2008 Caltech iGEM team, which won third place, manipulated E. coli (a beneficial resident of the intestine) to produce anti-pathenogenic products in addition to its typical functions in the body. The genetically engineered E. coli supplemented its typical role in the gut to mimic white blood cells’ anti-pathenogenic properties elsewhere in the body (1).
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| - | Caltech’s 2012 iGEM team aims to manipulate bacteria to degrade stable organic polymers such as lignin and alginate; to use these substrates to synthesize biofuels, specifically biodiesel; and to direct their ATP synthesis mechanism to rely on proteorhodopsin as the source of the proton gradient, freeing NADH to interact in the synthetic pathway instead. We will develop the three facets of the project in different strains of E. coli. Depending on our success in each area, we will then splice the manipulated sequences into one new organism.
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| - | ==News==
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| - | ==Sponsors==
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