http://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&feed=atom&action=historyTeam:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage treatment plant - Revision history2024-03-29T13:26:00ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.0http://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=295472&oldid=prevKevinJarosch: /* Expert evaluation */2012-10-27T02:01:14Z<p><span class="autocomment">Expert evaluation</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In our discussions with Mr. Holtmeier, Mr. Burbaum and Mr. Bülter, we were encouraged that our project might be a realistic alternative to conventional systems of eliminating micro contaminants such as steroid hormones and pharmaceutical compounds. Mr. Burbaum agreed with us that the contamination of drinking, ground and surface water with micro contaminants is a problem, which is even getting worse. Only large-scale treatment plants can possibly build up structures to eliminate the compounds in systems like fixed bed tanks filled with activated carbon. In smaller rural treatment plants often only two treatment stages exist. Therefore no structures could possibly be used for treatment with activated carbon or even with immobilized laccases.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In our discussions with Mr. Holtmeier, Mr. Burbaum and Mr. Bülter, we were encouraged that our project might be a realistic alternative to conventional systems of eliminating micro contaminants such as steroid hormones and pharmaceutical compounds. Mr. Burbaum agreed with us that the contamination of drinking, ground and surface water with micro contaminants is a problem, which is even getting worse. Only large-scale treatment plants can possibly build up structures to eliminate the compounds in systems like fixed bed tanks filled with activated carbon. In smaller rural treatment plants often only two treatment stages exist. Therefore no structures could possibly be used for treatment with activated carbon or even with immobilized laccases.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Cost-intensive construction projects are needed to face <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </del>problem of increasing concentrations of micro contaminants.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Cost-intensive construction projects are needed to face <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </ins>problem of increasing concentrations of micro contaminants.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Even on governmental level official consider various possibilities of solving the problem.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Even on governmental level official consider various possibilities of solving the problem.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Another problem is the limit of detection when it comes to steroid hormones. Often the no effect level is way smaller then the detection limit, therefore the consequences of permanent exposure can only hardly be measured.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Another problem is the limit of detection when it comes to steroid hormones. Often the no effect level is way smaller then the detection limit, therefore the consequences of permanent exposure can only hardly be measured.</div></td></tr>
</table>KevinJaroschhttp://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=294500&oldid=prevIsahu at 01:26, 27 October 20122012-10-27T01:26:18Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Introduction ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Introduction ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sewage is generated every day by everyone. Therefore efficient sewage treatment is absolutely necessary to guarantee the quality of surface water, ground water and of course of drinking water. However sewage is often heterogeneous and consists of liquids from toilets, kitchen, sinks as well as liquids from industrial processes and commercial use. Therefore sewage treatment plants have to consist of various treatment stages. The general composition of a large-scale treatment plant is shown in the flow diagram in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">figure</del>&nbsp;1.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sewage is generated every day by everyone. Therefore efficient sewage treatment is absolutely necessary to guarantee the quality of surface water, ground water and of course of drinking water. However sewage is often heterogeneous and consists of liquids from toilets, kitchen, sinks as well as liquids from industrial processes and commercial use. Therefore sewage treatment plants have to consist of various treatment stages. The general composition of a large-scale treatment plant is shown in the flow diagram in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Figure</ins>&nbsp;1.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Functional principle ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Functional principle ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Tertiary <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">treament</del>: fourth purification stage ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Tertiary <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">treatment</ins>: fourth purification stage ===</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Stage4.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 6:''' Fourth purification stage of the sewage treatment plant ''Obere Lutter'' with 14: fixed bed denitrification, 15: flocculation filtration, 16: tertiary / maturation pond. Picture is generously provided by the water and sewage board [http://www.obere-lutter.de ''Obere Lutter''.]]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Stage4.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 6:''' Fourth purification stage of the sewage treatment plant ''Obere Lutter'' with 14: fixed bed denitrification, 15: flocculation filtration, 16: tertiary / maturation pond. Picture is generously provided by the water and sewage board [http://www.obere-lutter.de ''Obere Lutter''.]]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Stage5.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 7:''' Sludge utilization and disposal stage of the sewage treatment plant ''Obere Lutter'' with 17: digestion tank. Picture is generously provided by the water and sewage board [http://www.obere-lutter.de ''Obere Lutter''.]]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Stage5.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 7:''' Sludge utilization and disposal stage of the sewage treatment plant ''Obere Lutter'' with 17: digestion tank. Picture is generously provided by the water and sewage board [http://www.obere-lutter.de ''Obere Lutter''.]]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The biggest waste product of a sewage treatment plant is the remaining sludge. It is part of the waste water, but is also generated in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">actived </del>sludge tanks. In wastewater treatment plants the sludge is continuously pumped into digestion tanks. Via anerobic digestion the remaining organic compounds are hydrolysed via hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogenesis to water, carbon dioxide, methan and hydrogen. The biogas can further be use in electricity generation or for heating purposes. The remaining sludge is for example thickened, pressed and afterwards disposed via burning.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The biggest waste product of a sewage treatment plant is the remaining sludge. It is part of the waste water, but is also generated in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">activated </ins>sludge tanks. In wastewater treatment plants the sludge is continuously pumped into digestion tanks. Via anerobic digestion the remaining organic compounds are hydrolysed via hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogenesis to water, carbon dioxide, methan and hydrogen. The biogas can further be use in electricity generation or for heating purposes. The remaining sludge is for example thickened, pressed and afterwards disposed via burning.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Laccase_plant.jpg|260px|thumb|left|'''Figure 10:''' Schematic drawing of a fixed bed flocculation filtration using immobilized laccases on silica beads, flushed with a bottom-up flow. Inflow of the feed waste water, process air, wash air and rinse water is shown. Discharge of clarified water and backwash waste water.Taken and translated from [http://www.mikroverunreinigungen.de/obere-lutter/ mikroverunreinigungen.de], generously provided by Mr. Burbaum.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Laccase_plant.jpg|260px|thumb|left|'''Figure 10:''' Schematic drawing of a fixed bed flocculation filtration using immobilized laccases on silica beads, flushed with a bottom-up flow. Inflow of the feed waste water, process air, wash air and rinse water is shown. Discharge of clarified water and backwash waste water.Taken and translated from [http://www.mikroverunreinigungen.de/obere-lutter/ mikroverunreinigungen.de], generously provided by Mr. Burbaum.]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>After having visited the sewage treatment plants we discussed with Mr. Holtmeier, Mr. Burbaum and Mr. Bülter about potential, already existing structures that could be used for degradation of aromatic compounds with immobilized laccases. The best suited locations are shown with red arrows in the [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Secondary_treatment:_second_biological_stage|figures 5]] and [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Tertiary_treament:_fourth_purification_stage|figure 6]]. The activated sludge tank (figure 5) is equipped with a fine meshed filter, large particles stay in the tank. Therefore the beads need to have a diameter of 5 mm, at least. Consequently silica beads cannot be used. Besides silica beads would sediment very fast. Another problem is the heterogeneous microorganism population. Emerging formation of biofilms would not only cover the beads but also <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hydrolyse </del>the immobilized laccases. As a result the enzyme activity would decrease fast.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>After having visited the sewage treatment plants we discussed with Mr. Holtmeier, Mr. Burbaum and Mr. Bülter about potential, already existing structures that could be used for degradation of aromatic compounds with immobilized laccases. The best suited locations are shown with red arrows in the [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Secondary_treatment:_second_biological_stage|figures 5]] and [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Tertiary_treament:_fourth_purification_stage|figure 6]]. The activated sludge tank (figure 5) is equipped with a fine meshed filter, large particles stay in the tank. Therefore the beads need to have a diameter of 5 mm, at least. Consequently silica beads cannot be used. Besides silica beads would sediment very fast. Another problem is the heterogeneous microorganism population. Emerging formation of biofilms would not only cover the beads but also <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hydrolyze </ins>the immobilized laccases. As a result the enzyme activity would decrease fast.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The better possibility is a fixed bed flocculation filtration tank filled with beads instead of activated carbon or ‘’Biolit’’. Additional supporting flint layers would minimize the discharge. Flushing with a bottom-up flow also guarantees a long exposure time. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The better possibility is a fixed bed flocculation filtration tank filled with beads instead of activated carbon or ‘’Biolit’’. Additional supporting flint layers would minimize the discharge. Flushing with a bottom-up flow also guarantees a long exposure time. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest German treatment plants with a population equivalent of 1.3 million. The digestion tanks have a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³, making them the biggest digestion tank system in the world. The water flow of the treatment plant is ~8.5&nbsp;m³ s<sup>-1</sup>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest German treatment plants with a population equivalent of 1.3 million. The digestion tanks have a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³, making them the biggest digestion tank system in the world. The water flow of the treatment plant is ~8.5&nbsp;m³ s<sup>-1</sup>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When we visited the plant, we found that the treatment plant is equipped with two biological treatment stages but lacks a [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tertiary_treament</del>:_fourth_purification_stage|tertiary treatment stage]]. Still the implementation of our system can be achieved by adding a metal sieve to the secondary clarifiers (shown in figure 13). The metal sieves would be filled with beads (with immobilized laccases), preventing the beads from sedimenting in the tanks. By adding the metal sieves to existing movable plates a constant mixing can be guaranteed. The plates are normally used for the transportation and removal of sedimented solids. Due to the slow movement of the plates (and thus the metal sieves) a long contact time of immobilized laccases and surrounding water is obtained.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When we visited the plant, we found that the treatment plant is equipped with two biological treatment stages but lacks a [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tertiary_treatment</ins>:_fourth_purification_stage|tertiary treatment stage]]. Still the implementation of our system can be achieved by adding a metal sieve to the secondary clarifiers (shown in figure 13). The metal sieves would be filled with beads (with immobilized laccases), preventing the beads from sedimenting in the tanks. By adding the metal sieves to existing movable plates a constant mixing can be guaranteed. The plates are normally used for the transportation and removal of sedimented solids. Due to the slow movement of the plates (and thus the metal sieves) a long contact time of immobilized laccases and surrounding water is obtained.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Lab-klaeranlage.JPG|180px|thumb|left|'''Figure 15:''' Lab-scale water treatment system KA 1/SR of behrotest. The system can be used to test our system on actual working conditions.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Lab-klaeranlage.JPG|180px|thumb|left|'''Figure 15:''' Lab-scale water treatment system KA 1/SR of behrotest. The system can be used to test our system on actual working conditions.]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>After evaluating our project with the three plant managers we think that we can provide a realistic alternative to commonly used systems for elimination of micro contaminants. Our system uses laccaces immobilized either on beads or on cellulose and can easily be <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">implented </del>into different stages of waste water treatment. Many large-scale treatment plants already implement fixed bed flocculation filtration into the treatment. Therefore the operational structures for an industrial scale-up of our application already exist. No further costs for the construction of new structures would arise. Also we were offered the chance to test our project in a small system in a real plant under strict safety regulation. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>After evaluating our project with the three plant managers we think that we can provide a realistic alternative to commonly used systems for elimination of micro contaminants. Our system uses laccaces immobilized either on beads or on cellulose and can easily be <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">implemented </ins>into different stages of waste water treatment. Many large-scale treatment plants already implement fixed bed flocculation filtration into the treatment. Therefore the operational structures for an industrial scale-up of our application already exist. No further costs for the construction of new structures would arise. Also we were offered the chance to test our project in a small system in a real plant under strict safety regulation. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Before we test our system in an actual plant we plan to use a lab-scale waste water system (behrotest KA 1/SR, figure 12) to measure the enzyme activity of our immobilized laccases in active sludge and in a fixed bed reactor. The leakage of the enzymes and the stability of the immobilization have to be tested under realistic conditions. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Before we test our system in an actual plant we plan to use a lab-scale waste water system (behrotest KA 1/SR, figure 12) to measure the enzyme activity of our immobilized laccases in active sludge and in a fixed bed reactor. The leakage of the enzymes and the stability of the immobilization have to be tested under realistic conditions. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/institutes/fisheries-ecology/staff/dipl-biol-nicolai-fricke.html Nicolai Fricke], an expert of the [http://www.vti.bund.de/de/startseite/institute/foe.html Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology] noted, that many marine systems are very fragile. No one can predict the consequences of a collapsing big marine ecological system. Even the costs and the influence on the local economy can hardly be predicted. Even higher costs and an unfavorable cost-benefit evaluation of an alternative system for waste water treatment may be acceptable to prevent dramatic ecological problems. See all the notes of Nicolai Fricke concerning the impact of steroid hormones on marine ecological systems [https://2012.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Public_relations_Overview#7 here].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/institutes/fisheries-ecology/staff/dipl-biol-nicolai-fricke.html Nicolai Fricke], an expert of the [http://www.vti.bund.de/de/startseite/institute/foe.html Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology] noted, that many marine systems are very fragile. No one can predict the consequences of a collapsing big marine ecological system. Even the costs and the influence on the local economy can hardly be predicted. Even higher costs and an unfavorable cost-benefit evaluation of an alternative system for waste water treatment may be acceptable to prevent dramatic ecological problems. See all the notes of Nicolai Fricke concerning the impact of steroid hormones on marine ecological systems [https://2012.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Public_relations_Overview#7 here].</div></td></tr>
</table>Isahuhttp://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=294086&oldid=prevGkleiner: /* Sewage treatment plant: Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop */2012-10-27T01:12:42Z<p><span class="autocomment">Sewage treatment plant: Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Sewage treatment plant: [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Sewage treatment plant: [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop1.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 11:''' View from a digestion tank of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''. On the picture the activated sludge tanks are shown. In the upper right parts of the primary clarifiers can be seen.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop1.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 11:''' View from a digestion tank of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''. On the picture the activated sludge tanks are shown. In the upper right<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>parts of the primary clarifiers can be seen.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop2.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 12:''' The four digestion tanks of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop'' with a height of 54&nbsp;m and a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³. The tanks are used for the production of biogas.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop2.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 12:''' The four digestion tanks of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop'' with a height of 54&nbsp;m and a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³. The tanks are used for the production of biogas.]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest German treatment plants with a population equivalent of 1.3 million. The digestion tanks have a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³, making them the biggest digestion tank system in the world. The water flow of the treatment plant is ~8.5&nbsp;m³ s<sup>-1</sup>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest German treatment plants with a population equivalent of 1.3 million. The digestion tanks have a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³, making them the biggest digestion tank system in the world. The water flow of the treatment plant is ~8.5&nbsp;m³ s<sup>-1</sup>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When we visited the plant, we found that the treatment plant is equipped with two biological treatment stages but lacks a [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Tertiary_treament:_fourth_purification_stage|tertiary treatment stage]]. Still the implementation of our system can be achieved by adding a metal sieve to the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Secondary </del>clarifiers (shown in figure 13). The metal sieves would be filled with beads (with immobilized laccases), preventing the beads from sedimenting in the tanks. By adding the metal sieves to existing movable plates a constant mixing can be guaranteed. The plates are normally used for the transportation and removal of sedimented solids. Due to the slow movement of the plates (and thus the metal sieves) a long contact time of immobilized laccases and surrounding water is obtained.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When we visited the plant, we found that the treatment plant is equipped with two biological treatment stages but lacks a [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Tertiary_treament:_fourth_purification_stage|tertiary treatment stage]]. Still the implementation of our system can be achieved by adding a metal sieve to the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">secondary </ins>clarifiers (shown in figure 13). The metal sieves would be filled with beads (with immobilized laccases), preventing the beads from sedimenting in the tanks. By adding the metal sieves to existing movable plates a constant mixing can be guaranteed. The plates are normally used for the transportation and removal of sedimented solids. Due to the slow movement of the plates (and thus the metal sieves) a long contact time of immobilized laccases and surrounding water is obtained.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Gkleinerhttp://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=293965&oldid=prevGkleiner: /* Investigation of potential operational sites in treatment plants without tertiary treatment stage */2012-10-27T01:07:00Z<p><span class="autocomment">Investigation of potential operational sites in treatment plants without tertiary treatment stage</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Investigation of potential operational sites in treatment plants without tertiary treatment stage ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Investigation of potential operational sites in treatment plants without tertiary treatment stage ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In the following section two different sewage treatment plants are observed for potential operational sites of our system using laccases to eliminate estrogen derivates and other phenolic compounds. A special characteristic of the two following treatment plants is the absence of a tertiary treatment stage. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Lacking </del>systems like flocculation filtration other operational sites have to be identified for the use of immobilized laccases. The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest treatment plants within Europe, therefore tertiary waste treatment is unsuitable because of the immense water flow-through. The sewage treatment plant of [http://www.schlossholtestukenbrock.de/060/sr_seiten/artikel/112120100000015850.php Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock] is a small rural plant, which is only used for the clarification of waste water from private households. Therefore only few industrial contaminations can be found in the water. But most pharmaceutical contaminations in waste water are generated by private households, requiring an efficient system to eliminate phenolic compounds. So in order to identify potential operational sites we visited both treatment plants and discussed our project with the treatment plant managers.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In the following section two different sewage treatment plants are observed for potential operational sites of our system using laccases to eliminate estrogen derivates and other phenolic compounds. A special characteristic of the two following treatment plants is the absence of a tertiary treatment stage. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Due to lacking </ins>systems like flocculation filtration other operational sites have to be identified for the use of immobilized laccases. The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest treatment plants within Europe, therefore tertiary waste treatment is unsuitable because of the immense water flow-through. The sewage treatment plant of [http://www.schlossholtestukenbrock.de/060/sr_seiten/artikel/112120100000015850.php Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock] is a small rural plant, which is only used for the clarification of waste water from private households. Therefore only few industrial contaminations can be found in the water. But most pharmaceutical contaminations in waste water are generated by private households, requiring an efficient system to eliminate phenolic compounds. So in order to identify potential operational sites we visited both treatment plants and discussed our project with the treatment plant managers.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Sewage treatment plant: [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Sewage treatment plant: [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Gkleinerhttp://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=293359&oldid=prevRbraun: /* Conclusion */2012-10-27T00:35:55Z<p><span class="autocomment">Conclusion</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Lab-klaeranlage.JPG|180px|thumb|left|'''Figure 15:''' Lab-scale water treatment system KA 1/SR of behrotest. The system can be used to test our system on actual working conditions.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Lab-klaeranlage.JPG|180px|thumb|left|'''Figure 15:''' Lab-scale water treatment system KA 1/SR of behrotest. The system can be used to test our system on actual working conditions.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>After evaluating our project with the three plant managers we think that we can provide a realistic alternative to commonly used systems for elimination of micro contaminants. Many large-scale treatment plants already implement fixed bed flocculation filtration into the treatment. Therefore the operational structures for an industrial application already exist<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, no </del>further costs for the construction of structures arise. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We </del>were offered the chance to test our project in a small system in a real plant under strict safety regulation. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>After evaluating our project with the three plant managers we think that we can provide a realistic alternative to commonly used systems for elimination of micro contaminants<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Our system uses laccaces immobilized either on beads or on cellulose and can easily be implented into different stages of waste water treatment</ins>. Many large-scale treatment plants already implement fixed bed flocculation filtration into the treatment. Therefore the operational structures for an industrial <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">scale-up of our </ins>application already exist<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. No </ins>further costs for the construction of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">new </ins>structures <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">would </ins>arise. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Also we </ins>were offered the chance to test our project in a small system in a real plant under strict safety regulation. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Before we test our system in an actual plant we plan to use a lab-scale waste water system (behrotest KA 1/SR, figure 12) to measure the enzyme activity of our immobilized laccases in active sludge and in a fixed bed reactor. The leakage of the enzymes and the stability of the immobilization have to be tested under realistic conditions. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Before we test our system in an actual plant we plan to use a lab-scale waste water system (behrotest KA 1/SR, figure 12) to measure the enzyme activity of our immobilized laccases in active sludge and in a fixed bed reactor. The leakage of the enzymes and the stability of the immobilization have to be tested under realistic conditions. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/institutes/fisheries-ecology/staff/dipl-biol-nicolai-fricke.html Nicolai Fricke], an expert of the [http://www.vti.bund.de/de/startseite/institute/foe.html Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology] noted, that many marine systems are very fragile. No one can predict the consequences of a collapsing big marine ecological system. Even the costs and the influence on the local economy can hardly be predicted. Even higher costs and an unfavorable cost-benefit evaluation of an alternative system for waste water treatment may be acceptable to prevent dramatic ecological problems. See all the notes of Nicolai Fricke concerning the impact of steroid hormones on marine ecological systems [https://2012.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Public_relations_Overview#7 here].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/institutes/fisheries-ecology/staff/dipl-biol-nicolai-fricke.html Nicolai Fricke], an expert of the [http://www.vti.bund.de/de/startseite/institute/foe.html Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology] noted, that many marine systems are very fragile. No one can predict the consequences of a collapsing big marine ecological system. Even the costs and the influence on the local economy can hardly be predicted. Even higher costs and an unfavorable cost-benefit evaluation of an alternative system for waste water treatment may be acceptable to prevent dramatic ecological problems. See all the notes of Nicolai Fricke concerning the impact of steroid hormones on marine ecological systems [https://2012.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Public_relations_Overview#7 here].</div></td></tr>
</table>Rbraunhttp://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=293241&oldid=prevRbraun: /* Sewage treatment plant: Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop */2012-10-27T00:30:19Z<p><span class="autocomment">Sewage treatment plant: Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop1.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 11:''' View from a digestion tank of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''. On the picture the activated sludge tanks are shown. In the upper right parts of the primary clarifiers can be seen.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop1.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 11:''' View from a digestion tank of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''. On the picture the activated sludge tanks are shown. In the upper right parts of the primary clarifiers can be seen.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop2.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 12:''' The four digestion tanks of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop'' with a height of 54&nbsp;m <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(~ 180&nbsp;feet) </del>and a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³. The tanks are used for the production of biogas.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop2.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 12:''' The four digestion tanks of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop'' with a height of 54&nbsp;m and a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³. The tanks are used for the production of biogas.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop3.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 13:''' View from a digestion tank of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''. On the picture the [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Secondary_treatment:_second_biological_stage|Secondary clarifiers / sedimentation tanks]] are shown, which are the last step of the secondary treatment.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_SewageBottrop3.jpg|250px|thumb|left|'''Figure 13:''' View from a digestion tank of the sewage treatment plant ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''. On the picture the [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Secondary_treatment:_second_biological_stage|Secondary clarifiers / sedimentation tanks]] are shown, which are the last step of the secondary treatment.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">german </del>treatment plants with a population equivalent of 1.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3m</del>. The digestion tanks have a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³, making them the biggest digestion tank system in the world. The water flow of the treatment plant is ~8.5&nbsp;m³.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">German </ins>treatment plants with a population equivalent of 1.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3 million</ins>. The digestion tanks have a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³, making them the biggest digestion tank system in the world. The water flow of the treatment plant is ~8.5&nbsp;m³ <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">s<sup>-1</sup></ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When we visited the plant, we found that the treatment plant is equipped with two biological treatment stages but lacks a [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Tertiary_treament:_fourth_purification_stage|tertiary treatment stage]]. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">But </del>the implementation of our system can be achieved by adding a metal sieve to the Secondary clarifiers (shown in figure 13). The metal sieves would be filled with beads (with immobilized laccases), preventing the beads from sedimenting in the tanks. By adding the metal sieves to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">exisiting </del>movable plates a constant mixing can be guaranteed. The plates are normally used for the transportation and removal of sedimented solids. Due to the slow movement of the plates (and thus the metal sieves) a long contact time of immobilized laccases and surrounding water is obtained.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When we visited the plant, we found that the treatment plant is equipped with two biological treatment stages but lacks a [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Tertiary_treament:_fourth_purification_stage|tertiary treatment stage]]. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Still </ins>the implementation of our system can be achieved by adding a metal sieve to the Secondary clarifiers (shown in figure 13). The metal sieves would be filled with beads (with immobilized laccases), preventing the beads from sedimenting in the tanks. By adding the metal sieves to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">existing </ins>movable plates a constant mixing can be guaranteed. The plates are normally used for the transportation and removal of sedimented solids. Due to the slow movement of the plates (and thus the metal sieves) a long contact time of immobilized laccases and surrounding water is obtained.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Rbraunhttp://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=293175&oldid=prevRbraun: /* Investigation of potential operational sites in treatment plants without tertiary treatment stage */2012-10-27T00:26:58Z<p><span class="autocomment">Investigation of potential operational sites in treatment plants without tertiary treatment stage</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Investigation of potential operational sites in treatment plants without tertiary treatment stage ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Investigation of potential operational sites in treatment plants without tertiary treatment stage ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In the following section two different sewage treatment plants are observed for potential operational sites of our system using laccases to eliminate estrogen derivates and other phenolic compounds. A special characteristic of the two following treatment plants is the absence of a tertiary treatment stage. Lacking systems like flocculation filtration other operational sites have to be identified for the use of immobilized laccases. The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest treatment plants within <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">europe</del>, therefore tertiary waste treatment is unsuitable because of the immense water flow-through. The sewage treatment plant of [http://www.schlossholtestukenbrock.de/060/sr_seiten/artikel/112120100000015850.php Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock] is a small rural plant, which is only used for the clarification of waste water from private households. Therefore only few industrial contaminations can be found in the water. But most pharmaceutical contaminations in waste water are generated by private households, requiring an efficient system to eliminate phenolic compounds. So in order to identify potential operational sites we visited both treatment plants and discussed our project with the treatment plant managers.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In the following section two different sewage treatment plants are observed for potential operational sites of our system using laccases to eliminate estrogen derivates and other phenolic compounds. A special characteristic of the two following treatment plants is the absence of a tertiary treatment stage. Lacking systems like flocculation filtration other operational sites have to be identified for the use of immobilized laccases. The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest treatment plants within <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Europe</ins>, therefore tertiary waste treatment is unsuitable because of the immense water flow-through. The sewage treatment plant of [http://www.schlossholtestukenbrock.de/060/sr_seiten/artikel/112120100000015850.php Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock] is a small rural plant, which is only used for the clarification of waste water from private households. Therefore only few industrial contaminations can be found in the water. But most pharmaceutical contaminations in waste water are generated by private households, requiring an efficient system to eliminate phenolic compounds. So in order to identify potential operational sites we visited both treatment plants and discussed our project with the treatment plant managers.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Sewage treatment plant: [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Sewage treatment plant: [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Rbraunhttp://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=289841&oldid=prevRbraun: /* Schematic */2012-10-26T21:16:08Z<p><span class="autocomment">Schematic</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Schema_eng.jpg|600px|center|thumb|'''Figure 1:''' Flow diagram of a large-scale sewage treatment plant, including three stages: primary stage to remove heavy and big solids, secondary stage to remove dissolved and suspended organic material using micro-organisms and tertiary stage to remove particulate material and to disinfect, taken and translated from [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%A4ranlage wikipedia].]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_Schema_eng.jpg|600px|center|thumb|'''Figure 1:''' Flow diagram of a large-scale sewage treatment plant, including three stages: primary stage to remove heavy and big solids, secondary stage to remove dissolved and suspended organic material using micro-organisms and tertiary stage to remove particulate material and to disinfect, taken and translated from [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%A4ranlage wikipedia].]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>large-scale sewage treatment plant “Obere Lutter” is located near Gütersloh and is equipped with three sewage stages. The different stages will be explained in the following section.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We visited the </ins>large-scale sewage treatment plant “Obere Lutter” <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which </ins>is located near Gütersloh and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which </ins>is equipped with three sewage stages. The different stages will be explained in the following section.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_guetersloh.jpg|540px|center|thumb|'''Figure 2:''' Plan view of the sewage treatment plant ''Obere Lutter'', located in Gütersloh. Picture is generously provided by the water and sewage board [http://www.obere-lutter.de ''Obere Lutter''.]]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Bielefeld2012_guetersloh.jpg|540px|center|thumb|'''Figure 2:''' Plan view of the sewage treatment plant ''Obere Lutter'', located in Gütersloh. Picture is generously provided by the water and sewage board [http://www.obere-lutter.de ''Obere Lutter''.]]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Rbraunhttp://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=289823&oldid=prevRbraun: /* Sewage treatment plant: Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock */2012-10-26T21:15:03Z<p><span class="autocomment">Sewage treatment plant: Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>sewage treatment plant of [http://www.schlossholtestukenbrock.de/060/sr_seiten/artikel/112120100000015850.php Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock] is a small rural treatment plant with a population equivalent of 30,000. Only little industrial waste water has to be treated. The plant is equipped with two treatment stages. Therefore an implementation of our system is difficult, no structures for fixed bed tanks do exist. After the discussion with Mr. Bünter we agreed that a cellulose-based filter system with lassases immobilized through a cellulose binding domain could decrease the concentration of micro contaminants in the water. The potential placement of the filter is shown on figure 14 (shown as number 9 within the figure). The filter would be located right behind the treatment plant. Therefore we are constructing cellulose binding domains. Fusion enzymes with laccases could probably be used in a cellulose based filter.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We also visited the </ins>sewage treatment plant of [http://www.schlossholtestukenbrock.de/060/sr_seiten/artikel/112120100000015850.php Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, which </ins>is a small rural treatment plant with a population equivalent of 30,000. Only little industrial waste water has to be treated. The plant is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">only </ins>equipped with two treatment stages. Therefore an implementation of our system is difficult, no structures for fixed bed tanks do exist. After the discussion with Mr. Bünter we agreed that a cellulose-based filter system with lassases immobilized through a cellulose binding domain could decrease the concentration of micro contaminants in the water. The potential placement of the filter is shown on figure 14 (shown as number 9 within the figure). The filter would be located right behind the treatment plant. Therefore we are constructing cellulose binding domains. Fusion enzymes with laccases could probably be used in a cellulose based filter.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Rbraunhttp://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant&diff=289813&oldid=prevRbraun: /* Sewage treatment plant: Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop */2012-10-26T21:13:37Z<p><span class="autocomment">Sewage treatment plant: Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest german treatment plants with a population equivalent of 1.3m. The digestion tanks have a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³, making them the biggest digestion tank system in the world. The water flow of the treatment plant is ~8.5&nbsp;m³.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The sewage treatment plant [http://www.route-industriekultur.de/themenrouten/13-auf-dem-weg-zur-blauen-emscher/klaeranlage-bottrop.html ''Emscher Kläranlage Bottrop''] is one of the biggest german treatment plants with a population equivalent of 1.3m. The digestion tanks have a total volume of 60,000&nbsp;m³, making them the biggest digestion tank system in the world. The water flow of the treatment plant is ~8.5&nbsp;m³.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>treatment plant is equipped with two biological treatment stages but lacks a [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Tertiary_treament:_fourth_purification_stage|tertiary treatment stage]]. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>implementation of our system can be achieved by adding a metal sieve to the Secondary clarifiers (shown in figure 13). The metal sieves would be filled with beads (with immobilized laccases), preventing the beads from sedimenting in the tanks. By adding the metal sieves to exisiting movable plates a constant mixing can be guaranteed. The plates are normally used for the transportation and removal of sedimented solids. Due to the slow movement of the plates (and thus the metal sieves) a long contact time of immobilized laccases and surrounding water is obtained.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">When we visited the plant, we found that the </ins>treatment plant is equipped with two biological treatment stages but lacks a [[Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Sewage_treatment_plant#Tertiary_treament:_fourth_purification_stage|tertiary treatment stage]]. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">But the </ins>implementation of our system can be achieved by adding a metal sieve to the Secondary clarifiers (shown in figure 13). The metal sieves would be filled with beads (with immobilized laccases), preventing the beads from sedimenting in the tanks. By adding the metal sieves to exisiting movable plates a constant mixing can be guaranteed. The plates are normally used for the transportation and removal of sedimented solids. Due to the slow movement of the plates (and thus the metal sieves) a long contact time of immobilized laccases and surrounding water is obtained.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Rbraun