Team:Amsterdam/glossary

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<h1>Glossary</h1>
<h1>Glossary</h1>
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As scientists that are actively involved in this project, some of the terms that we use might be confusing to others without us knowing. This glossary attempts to explain these terms.
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<h4>Backbone</h4>
<h4>Backbone</h4>
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<h4>Bleedtrough</h4>
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Backbone, more commonly known as a vector, is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into another cell.
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<h4>Binding Specificity</h4>
<h4>Binding Specificity</h4>
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The chance that a protein or molecule binds to a target upon making contact.
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<h4>Bit</h4>
<h4>Bit</h4>
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In computer science the term bit is used as a representation of a variable that is either on or of, using 0's and 1's.
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<h4>Constitutive Promoters</h4>
<h4>Constitutive Promoters</h4>
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A promoter that is not regulated and allows for constant transcription of its associated gene.
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<h4>Daughter Cell</h4>
<h4>Daughter Cell</h4>
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<h4>Endogeneity</h4>
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The result of the replication and division of a parent cell.
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<h4>Endogenous</h4>
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Developed or originated from within the organism.
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<h4>Epigenetics</h4>
<h4>Epigenetics</h4>
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The study of heritable changes in gene expression by other means than the underlying DNA.
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<h4>Fluorescent Protein</h4>
<h4>Fluorescent Protein</h4>
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<h4>Fusion-Protein</h4>
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Proteins that emit fluorescence. Such proteins are often used to track genes and processes inside a cell.
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<h4>Methylase</h4>
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<h4>Fusion Protein</h4>
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A protein created trough joining two or more genes originally coding for seperate proteins.
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<h4>Gel Electrophoresis</h4>
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A method used to seperate DNA bands by length using electrical charge.
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<h4>Methyltransferase</h4>
<h4>Methyltransferase</h4>
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<h4>Pathogenic</h4>
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An enzyme that transfers a methyl group from a donor to an acceptor. Methylation is often used to regulate the expression of genes, as DNA that is inhibited by a methyl group is inaccessible to outside factors.
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<h4>Pathogen</h4>
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Microorganisms that cause a disease in a host.
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<h4>Pathway</h4>
<h4>Pathway</h4>
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A series of actions among molecules in a cell that leads to a certain product or a change in a cell.
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<h4>Plasmid</h4>
<h4>Plasmid</h4>
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A DNA molecule that is seperate from the chromosomal DNA and is able to replicate independently.
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<h4>Promoter</h4>
<h4>Promoter</h4>
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A DNA region that triggers the transcription of a particular gene. Promoters can be on or off, depending on the presence of transcription factors.
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<h4>Protein Degradation</h4>
<h4>Protein Degradation</h4>
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The degradation of proteins, which happens at a constant factor.
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<h4>Recognition site</h4>
<h4>Recognition site</h4>
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The DNA sequence that is recognized by any specific DNA-binding protein motif.
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<h4> Restriction Enzyme</h4>
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Restriction enzymes (also known as restriction endonucleases) are enzymes that target and cleave a specific sequence.
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<h4>Restriction Site</h4>
<h4>Restriction Site</h4>
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Restriction sites are recognition sites that are recognized by restriction enzymes. Upon binding restriction enzymes cut between two nucleotides in the restriction site, or between two nucleotides nearby.
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<h4>Terminator</h4>
<h4>Terminator</h4>
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A DNA sequence at the end of a gene that stops transcription.
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<h4>Zinc Finger</h4>
<h4>Zinc Finger</h4>
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A small structural protein motif that is able to recognize and bind to a specific DNA sequence.
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Latest revision as of 15:27, 17 September 2012